Yeast mitochondrial engineering: A new technology for synthetic biology and metab

描述（由申请人提供）：微生物广泛用于制药工业，以制造对人类健康至关重要的产品，如药物，其前体和生物制剂，如疫苗，抗体和激素。酵母是这些重要应用的首选生物，因为它易于遗传操作，对其基本生物学的深入了解，以及它比其他微生物具有显著的工业优势。然而，酵母代谢工程的努力主要集中在细胞质中酶的过度表达，而线粒体中的丰富资源基本上没有得到开发。该项目的目标是开发工具、方法和策略来改造酵母的线粒体，并获得这种细胞器为生产对制药和其他行业重要的新化合物提供的许多好处。第一个目标是开发一种新的标准化载体系列，用于酵母蛋白表达（包括线粒体靶向表达），以加快和降低克隆，组装，故障排除和优化工程途径的成本。这个新的载体系列将有助于克服分子生物学的许多方面，往往是瓶颈在任何代谢工程项目。第二个目标是证明线粒体工程在构建重质酒精生物合成途径中的好处，这将从这项新技术中获益良多。这将涉及途径组分的筛选、组装和使用上述新载体系列的实施。第三个目标是确定影响线粒体生理的基因、突变或条件，以支持工程化的重酒精生物合成途径。这将需要开发一种新的代谢通量生物传感器，这将允许设计高通量分析来筛选数千种菌株，而不是目前方法可行的几十种菌株。该项目广泛而长期的意义在于为线粒体工程奠定基础，线粒体工程是一项适用于合成生物学和代谢工程的新技术，为健康研究和制药行业带来无数好处。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Microorganisms are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to make products that are invaluable to human health such as drugs, their precursors, and biological agents such as vaccines, antibodies and hormones. Yeast is the organism of choice for these important applications due to the ease of its genetic manipulation, deep understanding of its basic biology, and the significant industrial advantages it has over other microorganisms. However, metabolic engineering efforts in yeast have focused mostly on the overexpression of enzymes in the cytoplasm, leaving the wealth of resources in its mitochondria essentially untapped. The goal of this project is to develop the tools, methods and strategies to engineer mitochondria in the yeast Saccharomysces cerevisiae, and gain access to the many benefits provided by this organelle for the production of new compounds important to the pharmaceutical and other industries. The first aim is to develop a new standardized vector series for protein expression in yeast (including targeted expression to mitochondria) to expedite and reduce the costs of cloning, assembly, troubleshooting and optimization of engineered pathways. This new vector series will help overcome many aspects of molecular biology that are often bottlenecks in any metabolic engineering project. The second aim is to demonstrate the benefits of mitochondrial engineering in the construction of heavy alcohol biosynthetic pathways, which stand to gain much by this new technology. This will involve the screening of pathway components, their assembly, and implementation using the new vector series described above. The third aim is to identify genes, mutations or conditions that affect mitochondrial physiology in favor of the engineered heavy alcohol biosynthetic pathways. This will entail the development of a new metabolic flux biosensor, which will allow the design of high throughput assays to screen thousands of strains rather than the few dozens that are feasible with current methods. The broad, long-term implication of this project is in laying the foundation for mitochondrial engineering, a new technology applicable to synthetic biology and metabolic engineering for countless benefits to health research and the pharmaceutical industry.