Do individual differences in face recognition predict perceptual expertise

人脸识别的个体差异是否可以预测感知能力

• 批准号: 8583573
• 负责人: ISABEL GAUTHIER
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-03 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8583573
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Aptitude; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Brain; Categories; Cognitive; Collection; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Etiology; Face; Face Processing; Factor Analysis; Genetic; Goals; Individual Differences; Individuation; Inherited; Laboratories; Learning; Light; Link; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Participant; Perception; Performance; Population; Prevalence; Process; Research; Schizophrenia; Specific qualifier value; Structural Models; Symptoms; Testing; Training; Vision; Visual; Work; autism spectrum disorder; base; developmental prosopagnosia; experience; neuromechanism; novel; object recognition; public health relevance; response; skills; theories; trait

PROJECT SUMMARY The long-term goal of this line of research is to understand individual differences in our ability to recognize faces and objects. Prior research has suggested a genetic basis for individual differences in face recognition that is independent from our ability to recognize objects. However, evidence suggests that the ability to recognize objects is well measured by existing methods, and that the relationship between face and object recognition is mediated by experience with objects. In particular, this research seeks to investigate a possible link between the ability to recognize faces and the ability to individuate visually similar non-face objects, given a controlled amount of experience. This relationship is postulated on the basis of prior findings revealing that when people acquire experience individuating objects, they process them as wholes, or holistically, rather than as a collection of parts, and such holistic processing is known to be hallmark of face processing. We will seek evidence for an underlying domain-general ability that supports individuation of visually similar objects for which one has experience, by testing a model in which this ability is expressed across different measures of individuation and across different object categories (Aim 1). During training, participants will learn to individuate visually similar objects within each of four visually distinct categories. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) we will specify and test two alternative models specifying that a superordinate and/or broad factor of individuation ability can be identified that accounts for substantial variance in performance across tasks and categories. Using the best-fitting model from step 1, we will then test whether individuating objects and recognizing faces are related abilities (Aim 2) by conducting a second CFA that links measures of face and object recognition. Understanding the nature of the abilities that are linked to object and face recognition will facilitate prediction in a number of domains where skilled perception is important, including medical diagnosis. It will further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and neural substrates underlying these abilities and should also facilitate behavioral genetic studies of high-level vision, contributing to our understanding of a hereditary form of a visual face recognition deficit, developmental prosopagnosia, with a prevalence in the normal population estimated by one study to be as high as 2.5%.

项目摘要 这项研究的长期目标是了解我们识别能力的个体差异 面孔和物体。先前的研究已经提出了面部识别的个体差异的遗传基础 这与我们识别物体的能力无关。然而，有证据表明， 现有的方法可以很好地测量识别对象，并且人脸和对象之间的关系 认知是通过对物体的体验来介导的。特别是，这项研究旨在调查一种可能的 识别人脸的能力和个性化视觉上相似的非人脸物体的能力之间的联系， 一个可控的经验量这种关系是根据先前的发现提出的， 当人们获得个体化对象的经验时，他们将其作为整体或整体来处理，而不是 作为部分的集合，并且这样的整体处理被认为是面部处理的标志。我们将寻求 支持视觉相似对象个性化的基本领域通用能力的证据， 一个人有经验，通过测试一个模型，其中这种能力是在不同的措施表示， 个性化和跨不同对象类别（目标1）。在培训期间，参与者将学习个性化 四个视觉上不同的类别中的每个类别中的视觉上相似的对象。验证性因素分析（CFA） 我们将指定和测试两个替代模型，指定一个上级和/或广泛的因素， 个性化能力可以被识别出来，它解释了不同任务之间的性能差异， 类别使用步骤1中的最佳拟合模型，然后我们将测试个性化对象和 识别面孔是相关能力（目标2），方法是进行第二个CFA，将面孔和 物体识别了解与物体和面部识别相关的能力的本质， 促进在许多领域的预测，其中熟练的感知是重要的，包括医疗诊断。 这将进一步加深我们对这些能力的潜在机制和神经基质的理解 也应该促进高层次视觉的行为遗传学研究，有助于我们理解视觉的作用。 遗传性视觉面部识别缺陷，即发育性面孔失认症，在美国普遍存在 据一项研究估计，正常人群中的患病率高达2.5%。