Visual Form Perception Produced by Electrically Stimulating Human Visual Cortex

电刺激人类视觉皮层产生的视觉形式感知

• 批准号: 8596504
• 负责人: DANIEL YOSHOR
• 金额: $ 33.82万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8596504
• 关键词: Accommodation phosphene; Address; Behavior; Blindness; Complex; Computers; Conscious; Data; Development; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Eye; Form Perception; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Human; Image; Implant; Individual; Journals; Light; Location; Maps; Measures; Methods; Neurons; Optic Nerve; Patients; Perception; Population; Prosthesis; Publishing; Reporting; Retina; Sampling; Shapes; Site; Spottings; Sum; Surface; Techniques; Testing; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; blind; experience; human subject; insight; interest; nonhuman primate; optogenetics; public health relevance; receptive field; research study; response; restoration; retinotopic; touchscreen; virtual; visual stimulus

Project Summary/Abstract Blindness disables millions of people across the world. In most cases, incurable blindness is caused by damage or dysfunction of the eye, retina, or optic nerve, but the visual cortex is undamaged and potentially functional. There has long been interest in developing a prosthetic device that employs direct activation of the intact visual cortex to restore vision to the blind. Electrical stimulation of a single site in visual cortex (even in blind patients) produces a percept of a distinct spot of light known as a phosphene. It has been speculated that phosphenes could serve as the building blocks for visual restoration in the blind, but it is unknown if individual phosphenes can be treated as virtual "pixels" and combined to produce perception of complex images. Addressing this issue is critical to determining if direct activation of visual cortex is a viable strategy for restoring useful vision. We propose to study perceptual correlates of visual cortex stimulation in human patients with implanted intracranial electrodes. A major advantage of studying stimulation-induced percepts in humans is that only human subjects can directly report on their perceptual experiences. In Aim 1, we will compare the spatial location and orientation of phosphenes created by artificially stimulating a population of visual neurons with the responses of these same neurons to real visual stimuli. In Aim 2, we will determine if these phosphenes can be used as building blocks for more complex visual percepts (much like pixels in a computer display) a key step towards the long-term goal of developing a cortical visual prosthetic.

项目总结/摘要 失明使全世界数百万人残疾。在大多数情况下， 失明是由眼睛、视网膜或视神经的损伤或功能障碍引起的， 但视觉皮层没有受损，可能还能正常工作长期以来 一直对开发一种假体装置感兴趣， 完整的视觉皮层来恢复盲人的视力。的电刺激 视觉皮层中的一个部位（即使是盲人）也会产生一种独特的视觉感受。 光幻视的光点。有人推测光幻视 可以作为盲人视觉恢复的基石，但它是 不知道单独的光幻视是否可以被视为虚拟的“像素”， 来产生对复杂图像的感知。解决这一问题至关重要， 确定直接激活视觉皮层是否是一种可行的恢复策略 有用的视觉。我们建议研究视觉皮层的知觉相关性 植入颅内电极对人类患者进行刺激。一个主要 在人类中研究刺激诱导感知的优势在于， 人类受试者可以直接报告他们的感知体验。目标1： 将比较光幻视的空间位置和方向， 人工刺激一群视觉神经元， 相同的神经元对真实的视觉刺激。在目标2中，我们将确定这些 光幻视可以作为更复杂视觉感知的基础 (much就像计算机显示器中的像素一样），这是实现长期目标的关键一步， 开发皮质视觉假体