Population-based Approach to Malaria Research and Control

基于人群的疟疾研究和控制方法

• 批准号: 8508664
• 负责人: Donald John Krogstad
• 金额: $ 148.93万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8508664
• 关键词: 5 year old; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Antibodies; Antimalarials; Area; Bar Codes; Behavioral Genetics; Biology; Characteristics; Child; Cities; Communities; Culicidae; Development; Disease; Disease Outcome; Drug resistance; Effectiveness of Interventions; Entomology; Environment; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Failure; Gambia; Genetic Determinism; Genetic Variation; Goals; Head; Hemoglobinopathies; Heterogeneity; Human; Immune response; Immunology; In Vitro; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Integration Host Factors; International; Intervention; Laboratory Study; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Malaria; Mali; Microsatellite Repeats; Molecular; Niger; Parasite resistance; Parasites; Pathogenesis; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plasmodium falciparum; Population; Population Dynamics; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prevention; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Rest; Rivers; Rural; Senegal; Sepsis; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; Site; Testing; Translations; Treatment Failure; Work; acquired factor; base; field study; genetic risk factor; genome wide association study; human subject; improved; next generation; novel; novel vaccines; population based; reproductive; response; success; tool; transmission process; vector; vector control; vector mosquito

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria remains a major threat to public health in Africa. However, renewed and expanded emphasis by the major stakeholders including African heads of state, governmental and non-governmental organizations including major philanthropic organizations and leaders in the public health community have changed the international conversation from a focus on malaria control to a focus on regional elimination and eventual eradication of malaria. Accomplishing these goals will require a multifaceted approach, making best use of existing tools and will require the development of new tools including vaccines and new drugs. Equally important will be the tailoring of the interventions and their implementation to the specific microenvironments throughout endemic Africa. In the proposed work, four sites in West Africa each with a unique epidemiological and ecological environment will be compared and contrasted with regard to intensity and prevalence of infection, vector mosquito population dynamics, including insecticide resistance, disease pathogenesis with a focus on host factors and the immune response and the emergence and spread of drug resistance. The hypothesis underlying this proposal is that a combination of parasite, human and vector factors determine the disease outcome in the individual and more broadly in the community. Both the ecological environment and the parasite modulate the disease outcome on an individual and population level, and this proposal seeks to understand the relationship between these external factors and the underlying genetic determinants in the host, parasite and vector populations. Advances both in implementation capacity and in tools for the interrogation of host, parasite and vector biology over the last five years has enabled us to undertake these studies in an unprecedented manner. Understanding these relationships is critical to both the evaluation of current intervention effectiveness and in the translation of new tools for prevention and treatment of the disease and its transmission.

描述（由申请人提供）：疟疾仍然是非洲公共卫生的主要威胁。然而，包括非洲国家元首、政府和非政府组织（包括主要慈善组织和公共卫生界领导人）在内的主要利益攸关方重新并扩大了重视，这使得国际对话从关注疟疾控制转向关注区域消除和最终根除疟疾。实现这些目标需要采取多方面的方法，充分利用现有工具，并需要开发包括疫苗和新药在内的新工具。同样重要的是根据非洲流行病的具体微环境调整干预措施及其实施。在拟议的工作中，将对西非四个具有独特流行病学和生态环境的地点进行比较和对比，包括感染的强度和流行率、媒介蚊子种群动态（包括杀虫剂抗药性）、疾病发病机制（重点关注宿主因素和免疫反应）以及耐药性的出现和传播。该提议的假设是，寄生虫、人类和媒介因素的结合决定了个体以及更广泛的社区的疾病结果。生态环境和寄生虫都会在个体和群体水平上调节疾病结果，该提案旨在了解这些外部因素与宿主、寄生虫和媒介群体中潜在的遗传决定因素之间的关系。过去五年来，实施能力和宿主、寄生虫和媒介生物学研究工具的进步使我们能够以前所未有的方式开展这些研究。了解这些关系对于评估当前干预措施的有效性以及转化预防和治疗疾病及其传播的新工具至关重要。