Relationships between discrimination and the health of South Asian Americans

描述（由申请人提供）：遭受歧视对少数民族的身心健康产生了有据可查的负面影响。大多数歧视和健康研究都集中在非裔美国人和拉丁美洲人的人口。亚裔美国人，特别是南亚裔美国人（SAA）在这些研究中的代表性不足。目前有超过340万SAA居住在美国;以下群体占居住在美国的南亚人的97%：亚洲印度人（2，662，112），巴基斯坦人（211，356）和孟加拉国人（69，687）。虽然SAA由几个不同的群体组成，讲各种语言，但SAA有一些相似之处，例如有密切的家庭支持网络。总的来说，SAA经历了歧视性移民政策、暴力仇恨犯罪和长期侮辱的历史遗留问题。居住在纽约市的SAA特别容易受到歧视及其相关健康后果的影响，因为自2001年9月11日恐怖袭击以来，他们一直被定型，成为威胁的目标，并成为暴力和歧视的受害者。在探索歧视和亚裔美国人健康的文献中，已经发现自我报告歧视（SRD）与抑郁，焦虑，肥胖和身体疼痛之间的关系。然而，歧视和亚裔美国人的健康文献，可以扩大通过一个具体的重点是SAA，包括直接的健康措施，改进变量之间的理论联系的描述，并改进措施。因此，本研究的目的是解决目前文献中的空白，阐明特殊群体对歧视的特殊脆弱性， 探索歧视与健康结果之间的相关性。生态社会理论和其他压力相关的理论支持拟议的研究，并建议歧视的负面，慢性和压力的经验，导致激活和维持的压力反应，可能导致健康状况较差。这种应激反应的持续激活会导致高血压、体重增加、焦虑和抑郁，所有这些都是慢性疾病和心血管疾病风险的指标。因此，深入了解歧视如何导致SAA健康结果较差，这在理论上通常与压力有关，是护理科学中一项及时而重要的奋进。与NINR的使命一致，以解决健康差距，护理科学应该调查如何歧视可能会增加健康风险的SAA谁是暴露在日常的基础上。护理科学可以解决歧视作为疾病的重要推动者，并提供未来的研究，社区干预措施和社会政策建议，将改善其对SAA健康的影响。拟议研究的目的是（1）调查成年男性和女性SAA（印度，巴基斯坦和Bangledeshi组）之间的SRD和心理健康之间的关系，以及（2）调查SRD和身体健康之间的关系（自我报告的身体健康状况和直接的生理指标[BMI，腰臀比和血压]）的SAA。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure to discrimination has well-documented negative effects on the physical and mental health of ethnic minorities. The majority of discrimination and health studies have focused on African American and Latino American populations. Asian Americans, in particular South Asian Americans (SAAs), are underrepresented in these studies. There are currently more than 3.4 million SAAs living in the US; the following groups comprise 97% of South Asians living in the US: Asian Indians (2,662,112), Pakistanis (211,356), and Bangladeshis (69,687). Although SAAs are comprised of several heterogeneous groups and speak various languages, SAAs share similarities such as having close familial support networks. Collectively, SAAs have experienced a historical legacy of discriminatory immigration policies, violent hate crimes, and chronic insults. SAAs living in New York City are uniquely vulnerable to discrimination and its related health consequences, given that they have been stereotyped, targeted as threats, and victimized by violence and discrimination since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In the literature exploring discrimination and the health of Asian Americans, relationships have been found between self-reported discrimination (SRD) and depression, anxiety, obesity, and physical pain. However, the discrimination and Asian American health literature can be expanded through a specific focus on SAAs, the inclusion of direct health measures, improved description of the theoretical links between variables, and improved measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to address gaps in the current literature, explicate the specific vulnerability of SAAs to discrimination, and explore correlates between discrimination and health outcomes. Ecosocial theory and other stress-related theories underpin the proposed study and suggest that negative, chronic, and stressful experiences of discrimination lead to activation and maintenance of a stress response that can lead to poorer health. The persistent activation of this stress response can result in hig blood pressure, weight gain, anxiety, and depression-all of which are indicators for chronic illness and CVD risk. Therefore, an advanced understanding of how discrimination contributes to poorer SAA health outcomes, which is often theoretically linked to stress, is a timely and significant endeavor in nursing science. Aligned with the mission of NINR to address health disparities, nursing science should investigate how discrimination may increase the health risks of SAAs who are exposed to it on a routine basis. Nursing science can address discrimination as an important promoter of illness and provide future research, community interventions, and social policy recommendations that will ameliorate its impact on the health of SAAs. The aims of the proposed study are to (1) investigate the relationships between SRD and mental health among adult male and female SAAs (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangledeshi groups) and (2) investigate the relationships between SRD and physical health (self-reported physical health conditions and direct, physiologic measures [BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood pressure]) of SAAs.