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Genetic Manipulation of Unreaplasma spp. Infecting Humans using Synthetic Genomic

Unreaplasma spp 的遗传操作。

基本信息

批准号：
8415840
负责人：
John Irvin Glass
金额：
$ 25.35万
依托单位：
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-02-01 至 2015-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8415840
关键词：
Adult Affect Animal Model Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotics Antigens Bacteria Bacterial Genome Biology Cell surface Cells Child Chromosomes Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast Chronic lung disease Cloning Communicable Diseases Communities DNA DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes Development Disease Docking Educational process of instructing Environment Fluoroquinolones Foundations Genes Genetic Genome Genome engineering Genomics Goals Human IgA-specific serine endopeptidase Industry Infant Infection Infectious Pregnancy Complications Institutes Lead Learning Low Birth Weight Infant Macrolide-resistance Medicine Methods Modification Mycoplasma Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma mycoides Neonatal Mortality Neuraxis Newborn Infant Organism Outcome Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacologic Substance Phase Plasmids Pregnancy Outcome Pregnant Women Process Protease Gene Public Health Reporter Reporting Research Research Institute Risk Science Scientist Series Site Societies Spontaneous abortion Suicide System Techniques Technology Testing Tetracycline Resistance Tetracyclines Transplantation Urea Ureaplasma Ureaplasma Infections Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 1 Very Low Birth Weight Infant Virulence Virulence Factors Woman Yeasts base design fluoroquinolone resistance genetic manipulation high risk improved infant morbidity meetings microorganism mutant nuclease pathogen premature prevent respiratory tool uptake yeast genetics

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum are sexually transmitted human pathogens. Infection is widespread. As many as 40-80% of women are carriers. While most infections are asymptomatic, they cause invasive diseases in some patients. Although they have been associated with a wide range of diseases, their largest impact on society is as a cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes and infection of newborns, leading to higher risk of newborn mortality. Virtually all very-low-birth-weight newborns (less than 2.5 kg or 5.5 lbs) have respiratory ureaplasma infections. Ureaplasma infections resistant to antibiotics are increasingly common and the best drugs for ureaplasma treatment, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, are not recommended for pregnant women or children. Efforts to understand ureaplasma biology and pathogenesis have been inhibited by the lack of means to modify the DNA of these bacteria. The capacity to modify organisms' genomes has been a prerequisite in understanding host-pathogen interaction and factors involved in pathogenicity in many well studied pathogens. Development of genetic tools for the creation of designed mutant ureaplasmas will give scientists the power to identify factors making ureaplasmas pathogenic and how to better prevent disease due to ureaplasma infection. Recently our J. Craig Venter Institute research team created a bacterial cell with a chemically synthesized genome. To reach this synthetic cell milestone we developed foundation tools for the new science of Synthetic Genomics. One of those tools called "genome transplantation" enabled us to take a genome out of one species of bacteria called Mycoplasma mycoides, and install it into another species of bacteria. With another tool, we cloned the same M. mycoides genome inside a yeast cell, where it sits quietly parked. Once inside that yeast cell we can use well developed genetic tools used by yeast biologists to modify that genome by deleting or adding genes. These two methods in concert allowed us to make an altered M. mycoides strain. This new M. mycoides could not have been made using any existing technology. The goal of this project is to apply this Synthetic Genomics technology to develop genetic tools for creation of modified ureaplasma strains that will aid in the understanding of ureaplasma pathogenicity. Our specific aims are first to adapt our genome transplantation method for installation of a U. urealyticum genome into a U. parvum or U. diversum recipient cell. The second aim, which is of little use until aim one is achieved, is to clone that same ureaplasma genome in a yeast cell. The result of the two aims is the capacity to modify ureaplasma gene content and expression so that we can test hypotheses about ureaplasma pathogenesis and develop new therapies. Beyond the immediate advances for these poorly understood pathogens, there could be other even more important consequences. Currently we only know how to transplant the genome of one bacterial species. Learning how to transplant ureaplasma genomes could lead to our being able to do this for many other species including bacteria with unrealized pharmaceutical or industrial potential, for which we have no genetic tools.

性状（由申请方提供）：解脲脲原体和微小脲原体是性传播的人类病原体。感染很普遍。多达40-80%的妇女是携带者。虽然大多数感染是无症状的，但它们在一些患者中引起侵袭性疾病。虽然它们与多种疾病有关，但它们对社会的最大影响是造成不良妊娠结果和新生儿感染，导致新生儿死亡风险增加。几乎所有极低出生体重的新生儿（小于2.5公斤或5.5磅）都有呼吸道脲原体感染。对抗生素耐药的支原体感染越来越常见，治疗支原体的最佳药物氟喹诺酮类和四环素类不推荐用于孕妇或儿童。由于缺乏修饰这些细菌DNA的手段，了解脲原体生物学和发病机制的努力受到抑制。改变生物体基因组的能力是理解宿主-病原体相互作用和许多研究充分的病原体中致病性所涉及的因素的先决条件。开发用于创建设计突变型脲原体的遗传工具将使科学家有能力确定使脲原体致病的因素以及如何更好地预防由脲原体感染引起的疾病。最近，我们的J.克雷格文特尔研究所的研究小组创造了一个具有化学合成基因组的细菌细胞。为了实现这一合成细胞的里程碑，我们为合成基因组学这一新科学开发了基础工具。其中一种叫做“基因组移植”的工具使我们能够从一种叫做丝状支原体的细菌中取出基因组，并将其安装到另一种细菌中。用另一个工具，我们克隆了相同的M。酵母细胞内的mycoides基因组，它静静地停在那里。一旦进入酵母细胞，我们就可以使用酵母生物学家使用的成熟的遗传工具，通过删除或添加基因来修改基因组。这两种方法的配合使我们能够做出一个改变了的M。丝状菌菌株这个新M。用任何现有的技术都不可能制造出丝状真菌。该项目的目标是应用这种合成基因组学技术开发遗传工具，以创建改良的脲原体菌株，这将有助于了解脲原体的致病性。我们的具体目标是首先调整我们的基因组移植方法，以安装一个U。解脲支原体基因组插入U. parvum或U.分歧受体细胞第二个目标是在酵母细胞中克隆相同的脲原体基因组，在目标一实现之前，该目标几乎没有用处。这两个目标的结果是能够修改脲原体基因的内容和表达，使我们能够测试关于脲原体发病机制的假设，并开发新的治疗方法。除了对这些知之甚少的病原体的直接进展之外，可能还有其他更重要的后果。目前，我们只知道如何移植一种细菌的基因组。学习如何移植脲原体基因组可以使我们能够对许多其他物种进行移植，包括具有未实现的制药或工业潜力的细菌，我们没有遗传工具。