Sentence Comprehension Impairments in Aphasia

失语症的句子理解障碍

• 批准号: 8223251
• 负责人: GAYLE L DEDE
• 金额: $ 18.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8223251
• 关键词: Acquired Language Disorders; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; American; Aphasia; Arizona; Auditory; Cereals; Communication impairment; Complex; Comprehension; Data; Development; Disease; Education; Evaluation; Eye; Failure; Frequencies; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Left; Lesion; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methods; Modality; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Nature; Neighborhoods; Neurogenic Communication Disorders; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Process; Psycholinguistics; Reading; Research; Role; Semantics; Speed; Structure; Testing; Time; Training; United States; Universities; Writing; career development; density; diagnosis evaluation; experience; improved; interest; language processing; lexical; lexical processing; mental representation; neuroimaging; operation; phonology; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; skills; syntax; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): More than one million Americans have aphasia, and most of them experience some difficulty with sentence comprehension. These impairments may limit the ability to fully participate in everyday activities such as conversations and reading. Whereas considerable knowledge has been gained regarding how syntactic structure affects sentence comprehension in people with aphasia, a full understanding of the underlying deficit remains elusive. As a result, the best approaches for evaluation and treatment of sentence comprehension disorders remain unknown. This proposal draws on theories of unimpaired sentence processing to formulate new questions about the variables that make sentences difficult for people with aphasia to understand. The proposed experiments use measures of real-time sentence processing to test the hypotheses that (1) impairments affecting how quickly people with aphasia access words contribute to sentence comprehension disorders and (2) performance on measures of spoken and written sentence comprehension in people with aphasia will be similar unless there are experimental manipulations that have different effects on spoken and written word access. To test these hypotheses, two methods that are commonly used to study real-time written sentence processing in unimpaired populations, self-paced reading and eye-tracking during reading, will be extended to the study of sentence comprehension impairments in aphasia. Performance of two groups, people with aphasia and healthy age- and education- matched controls, will be compared on the two measures of real-time written sentence processing and on self-paced listening, a method that is sensitive to real-time auditory sentence processing. At present, the candidate is proficient in group studies of auditory sentence comprehension impairments in people with aphasia. However, she requires additional career development training to deepen her content knowledge of written language and lexical processing, and to develop expertise in the methods involved in using eye-tracking to study reading, and acquisition and analysis of structural MRI data. The University of Arizona has an exceptionally strong research tradition in neurogenic communication disorders (including the study of aphasia), as well as psycholinguistic studies of word and sentence processing. Neuroimaging research and lesion analysis is also highly developed at the University of Arizona, thus making it an ideal setting for the targeted skill development and conduct of the proposed research. The training opportunities will help the candidate launch a product-ive and independent research program that aims to understand the underlying nature of sentence comprehension disorders in aphasia in order to develop more effective methods for the evaluation and treatment of these impairments. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that affects one million people in the United States (NIDCD). The proposed research focuses on disorders of sentence comprehension in people with aphasia. Sensitive tests reveal that even people with mild aphasia, who appear to have good comprehension, frequently have deficits affecting the speed and accuracy of sentence processing. As a result, they may not fully understand conversations, written or spoken directions, and other daily interactions. The proposed research will investigate whether deficits affecting how quickly people with aphasia access words contribute to sentence comprehension impairments. These studies will provide a deeper understanding of the underlying nature of sentence comprehension impairments, which is an important step on the road to developing more effective tools for diagnosis and evaluation.

描述（由申请人提供）：超过一百万的美国人失语症，其中大多数在句子理解方面遇到了一些困难。这些障碍可能会限制充分参与日常活动的能力，例如对话和阅读。关于句法结构如何影响失语症患者的句子理解的知识，但对潜在的赤字有充分的理解仍然难以捉摸。结果，评估和治疗句子理解障碍的最佳方法仍然未知。该提案借鉴了未经损坏的句子处理理论，以提出有关变量的新问题，这些变量使失语症的人们难以理解句子。拟议的实验使用实时句子处理的度量来测试（1）（1）（1）影响失语症访问词的人的障碍会导致句子理解障碍的速度以及（2）在患有迷恋者的口语和书面句子理解措施方面的表现，除非有对口语的实验效果不同，否则对口语和书面的句子进行了相似的影响。为了检验这些假设，两种通常用于研究未经障碍人群中实时书面句子处理的方法，即阅读过程中的自定进度阅读和眼睛跟踪，将扩展到失语症中对句子理解障碍的研究。将根据实时书面句子处理和自定进度的聆听的两种措施进行比较，两组的表现，失语症和健康的年龄和教育匹配的控件，对这种对实时听觉句子处理敏感的方法进行比较。 目前，候选人精通失语症患者的听觉句子理解障碍的小组研究。但是，她需要额外的职业发展培训，以加深她对书面语言和词汇处理的内容知识，并在使用眼轨学习阅读，获取和分析结构MRI数据的方法中发展专业知识。亚利桑那大学在神经源性沟通障碍（包括失语症研究）以及单词和句子处理的心理语言学研究方面具有极强的研究传统。亚利桑那大学的神经影像学研究和病变分析也得到了高度发展，从而使其成为拟议的技能开发和拟议研究的行为的理想场所。培训机会将有助于候选人启动一项产品和独立的研究计划，该计划旨在了解失语症的句子理解障碍的潜在性质，以开发更有效的方法来评估和治疗这些障碍。 公共卫生相关性：失语症是一种被收购的语言障碍，影响美国一百万人（NIDCD）。拟议的研究重点是失语症患者的句子理解障碍。敏感的测试表明，即使有轻度失语症的人似乎具有良好的理解，经常会影响句子处理的速度和准确性。结果，他们可能无法完全了解对话，书面或口头指示以及其他日常互动。拟议的研究将调查赤字是否影响失语症访问词的人们的速度有助于判决理解障碍。这些研究将对句子理解障碍的潜在性质有更深入的了解，这是开发更有效的诊断和评估工具的重要一步。