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Early Causal Risk Factors for Delinquency: Quasi-Experimental Test

犯罪的早期因果风险因素：准实验测试

基本信息

批准号：
8447076
负责人：
Benjamin B Lahey
金额：
$ 23.18万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-05-04 至 2015-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8447076
关键词：
13 year old 9 year old Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Behavior Behavior Child Child Behavior Childhood Chronic Disease Cognitive Communicable Diseases Data Development Environmental Risk Factor Exposure to Family Female Financial cost Foundations Future Genetic Goals Human Imprisonment Infant Knowledge Life Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal Surveys Low Birth Weight Infant Mediating Mediation Mental Health Mental disorders Methods Modeling Neurocognitive Deficit Nuclear Family Parenting behavior Participant Peer Pressure Pregnancy Premature Birth Prevention Prevention program Preventive Intervention Primary Prevention Prospective Studies Psyche structure Research Risk Risk Factors Role Sampling Science Siblings Surgeon Temperament Testing Toddler Violence Violent injury Woman Youth alcohol consumption during pregnancy anti social base boys conduct problem control trial cost effective design deviant early childhood early onset early starter expectation girls high risk improved infancy infant temperament innovation interest life course persistent male maternal cigarette smoking offspring peer influence perpetrators physical conditioning prenatal prenatal exposure prenatal risk factor prevent prospective public health relevance skills suicidal morbidity

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescent delinquents not only harm their victims, they are at high risk for a host of serious mental and physical health consequences. Because it is very difficult to reduce antisocial behavior after it begins, there is great interest in developing effective methods of preventing delinquency before it starts. Because the onset of antisocial behavior is often in the toddler years, however, early prevention must begin very early in life. Therefore, we need to rigorously evaluate the hypothesized risk factors for delinquency that operate during pregnancy and infancy (e.g., prenatal exposure to substances and parenting during infancy). Crucially, the field must be able to distinguish between non-causal correlates of delinquency and causal risk factors because only causal risk factors are useful targets for prevention. Unfortunately, the field's current understanding of early causal risk factors for delinquency may be seriously flawed for many reasons. Most importantly, the designs used in nearly all previous studies did little to distinguish causal factors from non- causal correlates. Innovation: The field must move beyond traditional "between-family" designs that compare children from unrelated families and thereby confound hypothesized risk factors with the myriad correlated factors that differ between families. Instead, we propose to adapt the powerful quasi-experimental method of sibling-comparison analysis developed for econometric research to test our hypotheses. This approach compares siblings within nuclear families who vary on the risk factor to determine if they differ in delinquency, greatly minimizing genetic and environmental confounding to provide rigorous tests of causal hypotheses. Approach: We propose to analyze longitudinal data on the offspring of a U.S. national sample of 4,926 women. For each putative risk factor during pregnancy and infancy, we propose to conduct sibling-comparison analyses to test key causal hypotheses: Does each putative causal risk factor influence risk for adolescent delinquency (and do so differently for youth on different developmental trajectories)? Do these early risk variables indirectly influence adolescent delinquency through their influence on childhood conduct problems? Does each putative early causal risk factor influence which children with high levels of childhood conduct problems advance to adolescent delinquency (versus ceasing to be antisocial)? Furthermore, in order to strengthen the empirical basis for understanding the mechanisms of early risk variables, we will determine the extent to which any effects of early risk factors are different for girls and boys and are mediated or moderated by other risk variables in later childhood. Specifically, do early risk factors make some children more vulnerable to inadequate parenting in later childhood and deviant peer influence during adolescence? Alternatively, can adaptive parenting and lack of peer pressure mitigate early risks?

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年犯罪不仅伤害他们的受害者，他们是在一系列严重的精神和身体健康后果的高风险。因为在反社会行为开始后很难减少，所以人们对发展有效的方法在犯罪开始前预防犯罪很感兴趣。然而，由于反社会行为的开始通常是在蹒跚学步的几年里，因此早期预防必须在生命的早期开始。因此，我们需要严格评估怀孕和婴儿期犯罪的假设风险因素（例如，产前接触物质和婴儿期养育）。至关重要的是，该领域必须能够区分犯罪的非因果关系和因果风险因素，因为只有因果风险因素才是预防的有用目标。不幸的是，该领域目前的理解早期的因果风险因素的拖欠可能是严重缺陷的原因有很多。最重要的是，几乎所有以前的研究中使用的设计都没有区分因果因素和非因果相关因素。创新：该领域必须超越传统的“家庭间”设计，即比较来自不相关家庭的儿童，从而混淆假设的风险因素与不同家庭之间的无数相关因素。相反，我们建议适应强大的准实验方法的同胞比较分析的计量经济学研究来检验我们的假设。这种方法比较了核心家庭中的兄弟姐妹，他们在风险因素上有所不同，以确定他们是否在犯罪方面有所不同，大大减少了遗传和环境的混杂，以提供严格的因果假设测试。方法：我们建议分析美国全国4,926名女性样本后代的纵向数据。对于每个推定的风险因素在怀孕期间和婴儿期，我们建议进行同胞比较分析，以测试关键的因果假设：是否每个推定的因果风险因素影响青少年犯罪的风险（和这样做不同的青少年在不同的发展轨迹）？这些早期风险变量是否通过影响儿童行为问题间接影响青少年犯罪？是否每一个假定的早期因果风险因素影响哪些儿童与高水平的儿童行为问题推进到青少年犯罪（与停止反社会）？此外，为了加强理解早期风险变量的机制的经验基础，我们将确定早期风险因素的任何影响在多大程度上对女孩和男孩是不同的，并在童年后期的其他风险变量介导或调节。具体来说，早期风险因素是否会使一些儿童在童年后期更容易受到父母的不适当养育，在青春期更容易受到不正常的同伴影响？另外，适应性养育和缺乏同伴压力是否可以减轻早期风险？

项目成果

期刊论文数量（12）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Does low birth weight share common genetic or environmental risk with childhood disruptive disorders?

DOI：
10.1037/a0033079
发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
Journal of abnormal psychology
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Ficks CA;Lahey BB;Waldman ID
通讯作者：
Waldman ID

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Associations between Infant Fussy Temperament and Antisocial Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence.

DOI：
10.1007/s10519-016-9794-2
发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
Behavior genetics
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Goodnight JA;Donahue KL;Waldman ID;Van Hulle CA;Rathouz PJ;Lahey BB;D'Onofrio BM
通讯作者：
D'Onofrio BM

Prospective association of childhood receptive vocabulary and conduct problems with self-reported adolescent delinquency: tests of mediation and moderation in sibling-comparison analyses.

DOI：
10.1007/s10802-014-9873-x
发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
Journal of abnormal child psychology
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Lahey BB;D'Onofrio BM;Van Hulle CA;Rathouz PJ
通讯作者：
Rathouz PJ

Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a causal environmental risk factor for adolescent antisocial behavior? Testing etiological theories and assumptions.

DOI：
10.1017/s0033291711002443
发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
D'Onofrio, B. M.;Van Hulle, C. A.;Goodnight, J. A.;Rathouz, P. J.;Lahey, B. B.
通讯作者：
Lahey, B. B.

All in the Family: Comparing Siblings to Test Causal Hypotheses Regarding Environmental Influences on Behavior.