Studies of the Sand Fly Vector

沙蝇媒介的研究

• 批准号: 8473758
• 负责人: Narendra Nath Singh
• 金额: $ 4.09万
• 依托单位: BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8473758
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Antibodies; Area; Behavior; Bite; Blood; Breeding; Cattle; Clinical; Data; Development; Documentation; Effectiveness; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemiologic Monitoring; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Future; Habitats; Home environment; Household; Housing; Human; Incidence; India; Individual; Infection; Insecticides; Instruction; Intervention; Knowledge; Leishmania donovani; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Nepal; Observational Study; Patients; Perception; Persons; Phase; Phlebotominae; Phlebotomus; Policy Maker; Population; Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis; Qualitative Research; Research; Residual state; Rest; Risk Factors; Role; Saliva; Sand Flies; Scheme; Seasonal Variations; Site; Staging; Surveys; Testing; Time; Validation; Visceral Leishmaniasis; Work; Xenodiagnosis; base; design; disorder control; feeding; flyer; improved; novel; novel marker; operation; preference; protective effect; randomized trial; research and development; research study; spatial temporal variation; tool; transmission process; vector; vector control

Project 2 "Studies of the sand fly vector" will challenge some of the dogma's guiding current vector and diseases control efforts for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Phlebotomus argentipes, the sand fly vector of Leishmania donovani, is assumed to be a poor flyer that breeds and rests mainly indoor and bites around midnight; vector control efforts are planned based on assumptions about the seasonality of sand fly abundance. The first aim of this study is to provide an accurate description of seasonal variation in vector abundance, feeding preferences, biting times and an estimate of the seasonal variation in the proportion of vectors infected with L. donovani. To be able to target not just the adult sand flies but also the earlier stages, the study also includes a component aimed at identifying breeding sites of P. argentipes. Coverage with indoor residual insecticide spraying (IRS), the main P. argentipes control method on the Indian subcontinent, was shown to be grossly inadequate in an eartier phase of the TMRC study. In this project reasons for low IRS coverage will be investigated through qualitative and quantitative research. In addition a sand fly saliva antibody test will be developed, this test is expected to provide a direct measure of vector exposure at the level of the individual. This new method can be used to monitor the effectiveness of vector control efforts, obviating the need of costly and cumbersome vector abundance studies. Another assumption this project will challenge is the assumption that only symptomatic patients and patients with post Kala Azar dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) are infectious to the sand fly vector. The number of VL cases in the current TMRC study area is so low that mathematically it seems unlikely they can sustain transmission; the number of asymptomatically infected persons however is much higher. The project will study the infectivity of asymptomatically infected persons to sand flies by conducting targeted xenodiagnosis experiments.

项目2“沙子蝇矢量的研究”将挑战一些教条的指导当前矢量和 疾病控制内脏利什曼病（VL）的努力。 利什曼尼亚·多诺瓦尼（Leishmania Donovani）的沙子蝇载体凤凰阿根廷（Argentipes）被认为是一个可怜的传单 在午夜左右繁殖和休息，主要是室内和叮咬。矢量控制工作是根据 关于沙蝇丰度的季节性的假设。这项研究的第一个目的是提供 准确描述矢量丰度，进食偏好，咬合时间和一个季节性变化 季节性变化的季节性变化在感染了多诺瓦尼乳杆菌的载体的比例中。能够定位 不仅是成年沙子苍蝇，而且较早的阶段，该研究还包括针对的组成部分 识别疟原虫的育种位点。 用室内残留杀虫剂喷涂（IRS）的覆盖范围，主要P. Argentipes控制方法 在TMRC研究的一个较高的阶段，印度次大陆被证明是严重不足的。在这个 低IRS覆盖范围的项目原因将通过定性和定量研究来研究。在 另外，将开发一种沙蝇唾液抗体测试，该测试有望直接衡量 矢量暴露在个体的水平上。这种新方法可用于监视 媒介控制工作，消除了对昂贵和繁琐的载体丰度研究的需求。 该项目将挑战的另一个假设是假设只有有症状的患者和患者 随后Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis（PKDL）具有Sand Fly Vector的感染性。 VL的数量 当前TMRC研究领域的案例如此之低，以至于数学上似乎不可能维持 传播;但是，无症状感染的人的数量要高得多。该项目将 通过进行有针对性的异种诊断来研究无症状感染者对沙蝇的感染性 实验。