Studies of the Sand Fly Vector

沙蝇媒介的研究

• 批准号: 8896402
• 负责人: Narendra Nath Singh
• 金额: $ 4.52万
• 依托单位: BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8896402
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Antibodies; Area; Behavior; Bite; Blood; Breeding; Cattle; Clinical; Cluster randomized trial; Data; Development; Documentation; Effectiveness; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemiologic Monitoring; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Future; Habitats; Home environment; Household; Housing; Human; Incidence; India; Individual; Infection; Insecticides; Instruction; Intervention; Knowledge; Leishmania donovani; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Nepal; Observational Study; Patients; Perception; Persons; Phase; Phlebotominae; Phlebotomus; Policy Maker; Population; Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis; Qualitative Research; Research; Residual state; Rest; Risk Factors; Role; Saliva; Sand Flies; Scheme; Seasonal Variations; Site; Staging; Surveys; Testing; Time; Validation; Visceral Leishmaniasis; Work; Xenodiagnosis; base; design; disorder control; feeding; flyer; improved; novel; novel marker; operation; preference; protective effect; research and development; research study; spatial temporal variation; tool; transmission process; vector; vector control

Project 2 "Studies of the sand fly vector" will challenge some of the dogma's guiding current vector and diseases control efforts for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Phlebotomus argentipes, the sand fly vector of Leishmania donovani, is assumed to be a poor flyer that breeds and rests mainly indoor and bites around midnight; vector control efforts are planned based on assumptions about the seasonality of sand fly abundance. The first aim of this study is to provide an accurate description of seasonal variation in vector abundance, feeding preferences, biting times and an estimate of the seasonal variation in the proportion of vectors infected with L. donovani. To be able to target not just the adult sand flies but also the earlier stages, the study also includes a component aimed at identifying breeding sites of P. argentipes. Coverage with indoor residual insecticide spraying (IRS), the main P. argentipes control method on the Indian subcontinent, was shown to be grossly inadequate in an eartier phase of the TMRC study. In this project reasons for low IRS coverage will be investigated through qualitative and quantitative research. In addition a sand fly saliva antibody test will be developed, this test is expected to provide a direct measure of vector exposure at the level of the individual. This new method can be used to monitor the effectiveness of vector control efforts, obviating the need of costly and cumbersome vector abundance studies. Another assumption this project will challenge is the assumption that only symptomatic patients and patients with post Kala Azar dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) are infectious to the sand fly vector. The number of VL cases in the current TMRC study area is so low that mathematically it seems unlikely they can sustain transmission; the number of asymptomatically infected persons however is much higher. The project will study the infectivity of asymptomatically infected persons to sand flies by conducting targeted xenodiagnosis experiments.

项目 2“沙蝇矢量研究”将挑战一些教条的指导电流矢量和 内脏利什曼病 (VL) 的疾病控制工作。 银白蛉 (Phlebotomus argentipes) 是杜氏利什曼原虫 (Leishmania donovani) 的沙蝇媒介，被认为飞行能力较差， 主要在室内繁殖和休息，并在午夜左右叮咬；规划病媒控制工作的依据是 关于白蛉丰度季节性的假设。本研究的首要目的是提供一个 准确描述媒介丰度、进食偏好、叮咬时间和 感染杜氏乳杆菌的媒介比例的季节性变化估计。为了能够瞄准 不仅是成年白蛉，还包括早期阶段，该研究还包括一个旨在 确定 P. argentipes 的繁殖地点。 室内残留杀虫剂喷洒（IRS）的覆盖，是白蛉的主要控制方法 印度次大陆在 TMRC 研究的早期阶段被证明是严重不足的。在这个 IRS 覆盖率低的项目原因将通过定性和定量研究进行调查。在 此外，还将开发白蛉唾液抗体测试，该测试有望提供直接测量 个人层面的矢量暴露。这种新方法可用于监测效果 病媒控制工作，无需进行昂贵且繁琐的病媒丰度研究。 该项目将挑战的另一个假设是只有有症状的患者和患者 黑热病后皮肤利什曼病（PKDL）对白蛉媒介具有传染性。 VL数量 当前 TMRC 研究领域的病例如此之低，从数学角度来看，它们似乎不太可能维持下去 传播;然而，无症状感染者的数量要高得多。该项目将 通过针对性异种诊断研究无症状感染者对白蛉的传染性 实验。