Dopamine Exacerbates NeuroAIDS by Activation of Macrophage Dopaminergic System

多巴胺通过激活巨噬细胞多巴胺能系统加剧神经艾滋病

• 批准号: 9185430
• 负责人: Peter Jesse Gaskill
• 金额: $ 0.59万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9185430
• 关键词: Dopamine; Exacerbates; NeuroAIDS; Activation; Macrophage

Abstract: In regions of the world such as Eastern Europe and South-East Asia, the HIV pandemic is being driven by the spread of HIV within drug-abusing populations. As HIV infected individuals live longer with the success of CART, neurological complications are emerging as a significant health issue, particularly among HIV-infected drug abusers. HIV infected individuals who abuse methamphetamine and cocaine show a significant increase in the incidence and severity of neuropathology and in the development of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND). The mechanism(s) leading to the acceleration HAND remain unclear; however, both cocaine and methamphetamine act by increasing in extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) within the central nervous system (CNS). Our findings demonstrate that dopamine increases HIV replication in primary human macrophages, which are the primary target for HIV infection in the CNS. Our research showed that this increase in macrophage HIV replication is due, at least in part, to the infection of greater numbers of macrophages through the activation of a D2-like dopamine receptor. Additionally, studies in simian immunodeficiency virus infected rhesus macaques showed that increased extracellular dopamine enhances intracerebral HIV replication and exacerbates central nervous system pathology. Together, these studies indicate that the effects of dopamine on HIV infection of macrophages could be a common mechanism by which drug abuse exacerbates the development of HAND. Macrophages are the primary targets and sources of HIV in the CNS, as well as a major immune responder and a major source of cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines and chemokines increase neuroinflammation and mediate the recruitment of uninfected macrophages to sites of inflammation, enabling the virus to spread to uninfected macrophage populations. Our data show that dopamine not only increases HIV replication in macrophages, but it activates dopamine receptor mediated signaling, modulates activation of chemotatic proteins and alters cytokine production. These data suggest that drug-induced increases in dopamine would not only increase the extent of HIV infection in the CNS, but could also enhance the spread of HIV to uninfected macrophages and alter the macrophage response to infection. To characterize the mechanism(s) by which dopamine increases HIV infection in macrophages and alters macrophage immune function, we will define dopamine mediated changes in the HIV replication cycle in macrophages, examine alterations in macrophage chemotaxis and production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and characterize the DR signaling pathways in macrophages mediating these functions. We hypothesize that dopamine increases HIV infection in macrophages and alters macrophage functions through activation of dopamine receptors and transporter, contributing to the exacerbated the development of HAND in HIV infected drug abusers.

摘要： 在东欧和东南亚等世界区域，艾滋病毒的流行是由吸毒人群中艾滋病毒的传播所驱动的。随着CART的成功，艾滋病毒感染者的寿命延长，神经系统并发症正在成为一个重要的健康问题，特别是在艾滋病毒感染的药物滥用者中。滥用甲基苯丙胺和可卡因的HIV感染者显示神经病理学的发病率和严重程度以及HIV相关神经障碍（HAND）的发展显著增加。导致HAND加速的机制尚不清楚;然而，可卡因和甲基苯丙胺都通过增加中枢神经系统（CNS）内神经递质多巴胺（DA）的细胞外水平发挥作用。我们的研究结果表明，多巴胺增加了HIV在原代人巨噬细胞中的复制，而巨噬细胞是CNS中HIV感染的主要靶点。我们的研究表明，巨噬细胞HIV复制的增加至少部分是由于通过激活D2样多巴胺受体感染了更多的巨噬细胞。此外，在猴免疫缺陷病毒感染的恒河猴中的研究表明， 细胞外多巴胺增强脑内HIV复制并加重中枢神经系统病理。总之，这些研究表明多巴胺对巨噬细胞HIV感染的影响可能是药物滥用加剧HAND发展的常见机制。巨噬细胞是CNS中HIV的主要靶标和来源，也是主要的免疫应答者和细胞因子和趋化因子的主要来源。细胞因子和趋化因子增加神经炎症并介导未感染的巨噬细胞向炎症部位的募集，使病毒能够传播到未感染的巨噬细胞群体。我们的数据表明，多巴胺不仅增加了艾滋病毒在巨噬细胞中的复制， 它激活多巴胺受体介导的信号传导、调节趋化蛋白的激活并改变细胞因子的产生。这些数据表明，药物诱导的多巴胺增加不仅会增加CNS中HIV感染的程度，而且还可能增强HIV向未感染巨噬细胞的传播，并改变巨噬细胞对感染的反应。为了表征多巴胺增加巨噬细胞中HIV感染和改变巨噬细胞免疫功能的机制，我们将定义巨噬细胞中HIV复制周期中多巴胺介导的变化，检查巨噬细胞趋化性和炎性细胞因子/趋化因子产生的改变，并表征巨噬细胞中介导这些功能的DR信号通路。我们假设多巴胺增加了巨噬细胞中的HIV感染，并通过激活多巴胺受体和转运蛋白改变巨噬细胞功能，从而加剧了HIV感染药物滥用者中HAND的发展。