What is Recovery?

描述（由申请人提供）：“回收”一词在研究文献中被广泛使用。它也出现在NIAAA的战略计划中，以及其中一个部门的名称中。康复是酒精治疗的目标。那些不再喝酒，并试图追求一种更好的生活方式的酗酒者，说他们正在“康复中”。然而，尽管它被广泛使用，而且似乎处于中心地位，但在酒精文献中，对这个词的定义并没有达成一致。在缺乏定义的情况下，在研究中，康复通常等同于戒断或症状缓解，尽管那些自称处于康复状态的人对康复的界定并不那么狭隘。这项酒精方法发展研究的目的是开发一个康复量表，该量表是基于有过康复经历的人如何定义这个术语。为了开发量表的潜在项目，我们将对来自清醒生活和治疗项目的校友团体成员、康复组织成员（其中许多人没有参加过匿名戒酒会/AA或治疗）以及从报纸和网络广告中招募的康复个人进行调查和定性访谈（n=200）。这种抽样策略将适用于不同的个体，不论是否接受治疗，不论是否参与嗜酒者互戒会。将召集专家小组（包括酒精研究人员、校友团体和康复组织代表），进一步为我们的招聘和项目建设提供建议。由此产生的项目和其他相关工具（如世界卫生组织/世卫组织生活质量量表和成瘾严重程度指数）将被管理到抽取200个人的抽样框架中（估计应答者n = 11,240），以研究潜在量表项目的表现及其与其他相关措施的关系。我们将进行深入的心理测量分析，以开发一个简洁可靠的恢复量表，具有较强的收敛效度和判别效度。我们将分析康复（由世卫组织量表和新的康复量表定义）如何根据年龄、性别、种族、参与治疗和12步组以及康复阶段（提前1年；2-5年持续；5年以上稳定）而有所不同。心理计量学验证的成瘾恢复量表反映了人口异质性人群中不同的观点、途径和恢复时间，研究人员将广泛使用该量表进行新的酒精治疗选择的临床试验、普通人群中酒精依赖和缓解的流行病学研究以及不进行成瘾治疗的康复卫生服务研究。综合康复量表将说明与康复有关的个人和社会素质，并将提供一个框架，教育公众和政策制定者了解从酒精和药物依赖中康复需要什么。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The term 'recovery' is widely used in the research literature. It also appears in NIAAA's strategic plan, and in the title of one of its divisions. Recovery is a goal of alcohol treatment. Alcoholics who no longer drink, and are trying to pursue an improved way of living/being, say that they are 'in recovery.' Yet for all its use, and seeming centrality, there is no agreed upon definition of the term within the alcohol literature. Lacking a definition, recovery usually is equated with abstinence or symptom remission in research, even though it is not so narrowly circumscribed by those who say they are in recovery. This alcohol methods development study aims to develop a Recovery Scale that is based on how people who have been through the experience of recovery define the term. To develop potential items for the scale, we will conduct surveys and qualitative interviews (n=200) with members of alumni groups from sober living and treatment programs, members of recovery organizations (many of whom will not have attended Alcoholics Anonymous/AA or treatment), and recovering individuals recruited from newspaper and online advertisements. This sampling strategy will reach diverse individuals who have achieved recovery with and without treatment, and with and without AA involvement. An Expert Panel (including alcohol researchers and alumni group and recovery organization representatives) will be convened to further advise us on recruitment and item construction. The resultant items, and other relevant instruments (such as the World Health Organization/WHO Quality of Life scales and the Addiction Severity Index) will be administered to the sampling frames from which the 200 individuals were drawn (estimated n of respondents = 11,240) in order to study the performance of the potential scale items and their relationship with other relevant measures. We will conduct intensive psychometric analyses to develop a parsimonious and reliable Recovery Scale with strong convergent and discriminant validity. We will analyze how recovery (defined by the WHO scales, and by the new Recovery Scale) differs based on age, gender, ethnicity, involvement in treatment and in 12-step groups, and stage of recovery (1 year-early; 2-5 years- sustained; and over 5 years-stable). A psychometrically validated scale of addictions recovery that reflects diverse perspectives, pathways, and lengths of recovery among a demographically heterogeneous population will be used extensively by researchers conducting clinical trials of new alcohol treatment options, epidemiological studies of alcohol dependence and remission in the general population, and health services research on recovery without addiction treatment. A comprehensive Recovery Scale will illustrate the personal and social qualities associated with recovery that can be expected, and will provide a framework for educating the public and policymakers about what recovery from alcohol and drug dependence entails. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Our Recovery Scale will provide a framework for educating the public and policymakers about what can be realistically expected when people with serious alcohol problems quit drinking. It will lead to more appropriate evaluations of alcohol treatment programs and health services, and to higher levels of help-seeking among alcoholics. Unlike those in recovery from other chronic disorders, such as cancer, many people in recovery from alcohol addiction (and their families) are cautious about announcing their recovery status. Dissemination of research based on the Recovery Scale should help to dispel the stigma of alcoholism that those in recovery still face, because it will measure the positive life changes and the personal and social qualities that recovery represents.