Multi-Resolution Foveated Laparoscope for Safer Minimally Invasive Surgery

微创安全的多分辨率凹陷腹腔镜 外科手术 项目摘要 内窥镜在微创手术(MIS)领域已经彻底改变了患者的护理，最近 已被应用于高分辨率分子成像，以检测早期疾病。腹腔镜术是 建立管理信息系统程序，在几个专业中常规执行，并已显示出优势 与同等的开放手术相比，包括减少疼痛、缩短恢复时间和住院时间，以及 降低了成本。 然而，目前的腹腔镜技术有许多重大的局限性。其中一个限制是 无法通过单个集成的 探测器。当外科医生既需要详细的特写视角又需要广角视角时，这一缺陷会带来问题。 空间定位和情境感知的概述。目前，这一限制是通过手动方式解决的 将整个腹腔镜搬进搬出，需要另一位训练有素的助手。它还介绍了人体工程学 冲突，特别是现在与最近制定的单一端口访问程序密切相关 腹腔镜术和手术器械。数字变焦已经尝试解决这两者的需求 广角和高倍率视图，但受到由此造成的分辨率损失的限制。 这项提议回应了这一紧迫的挑战。通过利用光纤技术的优势 技术，我们的目标是开发一种创新的腹腔镜，它可以(1)同时获得广角- 以及在单个、完全集成的仪器中实时显示手术区域的高倍率图像；(2) 超高空间分辨率，在特写工作中比传统腹腔镜高出3倍以上 距离；(3)自动将高倍率探头扫描并接合到手术野的任何分区 通过感兴趣区域跟踪能力；(4)改变高分辨率探头的光学放大倍数 不需要物理推进或收回探头；以及(5)保持低调，以尽量减少 与手术器械对接。 我们克服了现有腹腔镜的局限性，通过光学耦合一个广角系统和一个 主动凹陷的高分辨率探测器。在较低的放大倍数下，腹腔镜将成像一个大的外科手术 具有相当于标准腹腔镜的空间分辨率的视场(FOV)，提供 “体育场景观”。视野的一个子区域，我们称之为“凹陷”视野，将以显著的距离成像 更高的放大倍数，可显示更详细的结构，以供诊断或手术治疗。这两个级别 可以通过实时光学跟踪来光学地确定光学放大倍数和凹陷视野的位置 和缩放功能。在这个项目中，我们的目标是(1)开发原型系统，(2)开发使能 实用软件；以及(3)测试我们建议的多 分辨率凹陷腹腔镜，用于使用模拟腹腔镜术和 复杂的体内临床试验。 建议的方法是创新的，因为它将广角探头与有源探测器进行光学耦合 凹槽高分辨率图像探头，可提供连续可调的感兴趣区域和光学 放大。其优势是相当明显的。它保留了广角、低分辨率的优点 该设备可在腹腔镜下使用，并具有同步、嵌入式高分辨率成像的能力。在提供 显著先进的成像能力，这款多分辨率腹腔镜还将保留 目前的标准腹腔镜的紧凑性。如果成功，我们设想一个综合的多分辨率 腹腔镜术将对管理信息系统的诊断、临床和技术方面产生影响。独特的成本和解决方案 我们提出的多分辨率凹陷腹腔镜的优点确保了这样的手术器械可以 将迅速转化为一系列临床应用。

Multi-Resolution Foveated Laparoscope for Safer Minimally Invasive Surgery Project Summary Endoscopy has revolutionized patient care in the domain of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and recently been applied to high-resolution molecular imaging for detection of early-stage disease. Laparoscopy is the foundation of MIS procedures, routinely performed in several specialties, and has demonstrated advantages over equivalent open procedures that include reduced pain, shorter recovery time and hospital stay time, and reduced costs. The current laparoscopic technologies, however, have a number of major limitations. One limitation is the inability to acquire both wide-angle and high-resolution images simultaneously through a single integrated probe. This shortcoming introduces issues when surgeons require both detailed close-up views and wide-angle overviews for spatial orientation and situational awareness. Currently, this limitation is addressed by manually moving the entire laparoscope in and out and requires a second trained assistant. It also introduces ergonomic conflicts, especially now with the recent development of single port access procedures with close grouping of the laparoscope and working instruments. Digital zooming has been attempted to address the need for both wide angle and high-magnification views but has been limited by the resulting loss of resolution. This proposal responds to this pressing challenge. By leveraging the advancements of optical technologies, we aim to develop an innovative laparoscope that can (1) simultaneously obtain both wide-angle- and high-magnification images of a surgical area in real-time in a single, fully integrated instrument; (2) yield ultra-high spatial resolution more than 3 times better than a conventional laparoscope at a close-up working distance; (3) automatically scan and engage the high-magnification probe to any sub-region of the surgical field through region-of-interest tracking capabilities; (4) vary the optical magnification of the high-resolution probe without the need of physically advancing or withdrawing the probe; and (5) maintain a low profile to minimize interfaces with surgical instruments. We overcome the limitations of existing laparoscopes by optically coupling a wide-angle system with an actively foveated, high-resolution probe. At a low magnification, the laparoscope will image a large surgical field with a field of view (FOV) with spatial resolution equivalent to a standard laparoscope, providing a "stadium view". A sub-region of the field, which we call the "foveated" field, will then be imaged at a significantly higher magnification to visualize more detailed structure for diagnosis or surgical treatment. Both the level of optical magnification and the position of the foveated field can be optically through real-time optical tracking and zooming capabilities. In this project, we will aim to (1) develop prototype systems, (2) develop enabling utility software; and (3) test the imaging quality and task performance capabilities of our proposed multi- resolution foveated laparoscope for use in MIS procedures employing both simulated laparoscopic tasks and complex in vivo clinical testing. The proposed approach is innovative because it will optically couple a wide-angle probe with an actively foveated, high-resolution image probe that provides both continuously adjustable region of interest and optical magnification. The advantages are quite obvious. It preserves the benefits of a wide-angle, low resolution laparoscope and with the capability of simultaneous, embedded high-resolution imaging. While providing significantly advanced imaging capabilities, this multi-resolution laparoscope will also preserve the compactness of current, standard laparoscopes. If successful, we envision that an integrated multi-resolution laparoscope will impact the diagnostic, clinical, and technical aspects of MIS. The unique cost and resolution advantages of our proposed multi-resolution foveated laparoscope ensure that such a surgical instrument can be quickly translated into a host of clinical applications.