Multi-Resolution Foveated Laparoscope for Safer Minimally Invasive Surgery

多分辨率中心凹腹腔镜更安全的微创 手术 项目摘要 内窥镜检查已经彻底改变了微创手术（MIS）领域中的患者护理， 已被应用于高分辨率分子成像检测早期疾病。腹腔镜检查是 MIS程序的基础，在几个专业中常规执行，并已证明其优势 与同等开放手术相比，包括减轻疼痛、缩短恢复时间和住院时间，以及 降低成本。 然而，目前的腹腔镜技术有许多主要的局限性。一个限制是 无法通过单个集成摄像头同时获取广角和高分辨率图像 探针当外科医生需要详细的特写视图和广角视图时，这一缺点会带来问题 空间定位和态势感知概述。目前，此限制通过手动 移动整个腹腔镜进出，需要第二个受过训练的助手。它还介绍了人体工程学 冲突，特别是现在随着最近开发的单一端口访问程序， 腹腔镜和手术器械。数字变焦已经尝试解决对这两者的需要 广角和高放大率视图，但受到分辨率损失的限制。 这项建议是对这一紧迫挑战的回应。通过利用光学技术的进步 技术，我们的目标是开发一种创新的腹腔镜，可以（1）同时获得广角， 在一个完全集成的仪器中实时显示手术区域的高放大率图像;（2）产量 超高空间分辨率，在近距离工作时比传统腹腔镜好3倍以上 （3）自动扫描并将高放大率探头接合到术野的任何子区域 通过感兴趣区域的跟踪能力;（4）改变高分辨率探头的光学放大率 而不需要物理地推进或撤回探针;以及（5）保持低轮廓以最小化 与手术器械的接口。 我们克服了现有腹腔镜的局限性，通过光学耦合广角系统， 主动中心凹高分辨率探头在低放大率下，腹腔镜将成像一个大的手术 视野（FOV）的空间分辨率相当于标准腹腔镜， "体育场景观"。场的子区域，我们称之为"中心凹"场，然后将以显著的 更高的放大倍数，以显示更详细的结构，用于诊断或手术治疗。无论是水平 可以通过实时光学跟踪光学地确定光学放大率和中央凹视野的位置 和缩放能力。在这个项目中，我们的目标是（1）开发原型系统，（2）开发使能 实用软件;和（3）测试成像质量和任务性能的能力，我们提出的多- 用于MIS手术的分辨率中心凹腹腔镜，其采用模拟腹腔镜任务和 复杂的体内临床试验。 所提出的方法是创新的，因为它将光学耦合广角探头与有源 一种中央凹的高分辨率图像探头，其提供连续可调的感兴趣区域和光学 倍率优势是相当明显的。它保留了广角、低分辨率的优点 腹腔镜，并具有同步，嵌入式高分辨率成像的能力。同时提供 显着先进的成像能力，这种多分辨率腹腔镜也将保留 现有标准腹腔镜的紧凑性。如果成功，我们设想一个集成的多分辨率 腹腔镜将影响MIS的诊断、临床和技术方面。独特的成本和分辨率 我们提出的多分辨率凹腹腔镜的优点确保了这种外科器械可以 可以迅速转化为临床应用。

Multi-Resolution Foveated Laparoscope for Safer Minimally Invasive Surgery Project Summary Endoscopy has revolutionized patient care in the domain of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and recently been applied to high-resolution molecular imaging for detection of early-stage disease. Laparoscopy is the foundation of MIS procedures, routinely performed in several specialties, and has demonstrated advantages over equivalent open procedures that include reduced pain, shorter recovery time and hospital stay time, and reduced costs. The current laparoscopic technologies, however, have a number of major limitations. One limitation is the inability to acquire both wide-angle and high-resolution images simultaneously through a single integrated probe. This shortcoming introduces issues when surgeons require both detailed close-up views and wide-angle overviews for spatial orientation and situational awareness. Currently, this limitation is addressed by manually moving the entire laparoscope in and out and requires a second trained assistant. It also introduces ergonomic conflicts, especially now with the recent development of single port access procedures with close grouping of the laparoscope and working instruments. Digital zooming has been attempted to address the need for both wide angle and high-magnification views but has been limited by the resulting loss of resolution. This proposal responds to this pressing challenge. By leveraging the advancements of optical technologies, we aim to develop an innovative laparoscope that can (1) simultaneously obtain both wide-angle- and high-magnification images of a surgical area in real-time in a single, fully integrated instrument; (2) yield ultra-high spatial resolution more than 3 times better than a conventional laparoscope at a close-up working distance; (3) automatically scan and engage the high-magnification probe to any sub-region of the surgical field through region-of-interest tracking capabilities; (4) vary the optical magnification of the high-resolution probe without the need of physically advancing or withdrawing the probe; and (5) maintain a low profile to minimize interfaces with surgical instruments. We overcome the limitations of existing laparoscopes by optically coupling a wide-angle system with an actively foveated, high-resolution probe. At a low magnification, the laparoscope will image a large surgical field with a field of view (FOV) with spatial resolution equivalent to a standard laparoscope, providing a "stadium view". A sub-region of the field, which we call the "foveated" field, will then be imaged at a significantly higher magnification to visualize more detailed structure for diagnosis or surgical treatment. Both the level of optical magnification and the position of the foveated field can be optically through real-time optical tracking and zooming capabilities. In this project, we will aim to (1) develop prototype systems, (2) develop enabling utility software; and (3) test the imaging quality and task performance capabilities of our proposed multi- resolution foveated laparoscope for use in MIS procedures employing both simulated laparoscopic tasks and complex in vivo clinical testing. The proposed approach is innovative because it will optically couple a wide-angle probe with an actively foveated, high-resolution image probe that provides both continuously adjustable region of interest and optical magnification. The advantages are quite obvious. It preserves the benefits of a wide-angle, low resolution laparoscope and with the capability of simultaneous, embedded high-resolution imaging. While providing significantly advanced imaging capabilities, this multi-resolution laparoscope will also preserve the compactness of current, standard laparoscopes. If successful, we envision that an integrated multi-resolution laparoscope will impact the diagnostic, clinical, and technical aspects of MIS. The unique cost and resolution advantages of our proposed multi-resolution foveated laparoscope ensure that such a surgical instrument can be quickly translated into a host of clinical applications.