Function and dysfunction of brain networks for the flexible expression of memory

记忆灵活表达的脑网络的功能和功能障碍

• 批准号: 8525784
• 负责人: Xiaojing Wang
• 金额: $ 5.22万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8525784
• 关键词: Active Learning; Address; Affect; Area; Attention; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cognitive; Development; Diagnostic; Eye; Eye Movements; Feedback; Force of Gravity; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Graph; Hippocampus (Brain); Impairment; Individual; Instruction; Intervention; Ischemic Stroke; Knowledge; Laboratories; Late Effects; Learning; Lesion; Life; Maps; Measures; Medial; Memory; Memory impairment; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Neurologic; Neurosciences Research; Organism; Pattern; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Public Health; Quality of life; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Stroke; Structure; Survivors; System; Task Performances; Techniques; Technology; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Training; Traumatic Brain Injury; Weight; Work; active control; base; career development; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; executive function; flexibility; improved; lectures; memory process; network dysfunction; neuroimaging; neuropsychiatry; novel; novel strategies; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; tool; treatment strategy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Impairments in cognitive control and memory present serious challenges to daily living for individuals with a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric impairments. Understanding relevant brain mechanisms is key to the development of better diagnostic tools and improved treatment strategies. This proposed research focuses on a specific capability that is at the intersection of cognitive control and memory - behavioral flexibility, which refers to the ability to learn appropriate responses based on current situational context. Although this ability is clearly relevant for real-world memory challenges, tools for quantification of behavioral flexibility capabilities in individuals with neurological and neuropsychiatric impairments are limited, as is our understanding of relevant brain mechanisms. Under this proposed award, we will therefore refine a novel method we have developed for quantifying behavioral flexibility and the cognitive and brain processing that supports this capability. Brain mechanisms will be studied via the integration of various powerful technologies and analysis methodologies that allow us to determine how interactivity between key cognitive control and memory brain networks support behavioral flexibility. We will use sensitive eye-movement tracking measures of memory in conjunction with neuroimaging with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as well as connectivity and graph theoretical analyses to identify brain network interactions that are important for behavioral flexibility. Furthermore, we will examine how damage to these networks due to ischemic stroke impairs behavioral flexibility using a voxel-based lesion-deficit mapping approach in stroke survivors. These methods will collectively provide information regarding normal network function in healthy individuals as well as the nature of network dysfunction in individuals with brain lesions. Execution of the proposed project will require a considerable extension of the applicant's current background and will be supported by an integrated training plan involving course work, instruction in advanced neuroimaging and eye-tracking methods by experts, as well as career-development training that will enable the applicant to conduct high- quality, independent neuroscience research.

描述（由申请人提供）：认知控制和记忆障碍对患有各种神经和神经精神障碍的个体的日常生活提出了严重挑战。了解相关的大脑机制是开发更好的诊断工具和改进治疗策略的关键。这项拟议中的研究集中在一个特定的能力，是在认知控制和记忆的交叉点-行为的灵活性，这是指学习适当的反应，根据当前的情境背景的能力。虽然这种能力显然与现实世界的记忆挑战相关，但用于量化神经和神经精神障碍患者行为灵活性能力的工具有限，我们对相关大脑机制的理解也是如此。因此，在这项拟议的奖项下，我们将改进我们开发的一种新方法，用于量化行为灵活性以及支持这种能力的认知和大脑处理。大脑机制将通过各种强大的技术和分析方法的整合来研究，这些技术和分析方法使我们能够确定关键的认知控制和记忆大脑网络之间的互动如何支持行为灵活性。我们将使用敏感的眼动跟踪记忆的措施，结合神经成像与功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），以及连接和图形理论分析，以确定大脑网络的相互作用是重要的行为灵活性。此外，我们将研究如何损害这些网络，由于缺血性中风损害行为的灵活性，中风幸存者使用基于体素的病变缺陷映射方法。这些方法将共同提供关于健康个体的正常网络功能以及具有脑损伤的个体的网络功能障碍的性质的信息。建议项目的执行将需要申请人当前背景的相当大的扩展，并将得到综合培训计划的支持，包括课程工作，专家先进神经成像和眼动追踪方法的指导，以及职业发展培训，使申请人能够进行高质量的独立神经科学研究。