Glial Cell Biology: A Historical Perspective

描述（由申请人提供）：与神经元相比，神经胶质细胞的历史几乎被忽略。在最近研究神经胶质起源的书籍中，著名的Kettenmann和Ransom的《神经胶质》第二版（2005年）有一个关于这个主题的可爱章节。Verkhratsky和Butt的第二本书《神经胶质细胞神经生物学》（2007）有一个权威的介绍性章节，介绍了胶质细胞一词的起源。韦伯斯特和阿斯特罗姆的第三本书“胶质细胞生成：历史观点1839-1985”（2009）于1985年结束，没有理解神经胶质细胞的近期作用，而其历史根源在19世纪世纪是相当简洁的，减少到每种神经胶质细胞类型一段。菲尔兹的第四本书《另一个大脑：从痴呆症到精神分裂症，关于大脑的新发现如何革命医学和科学》（2009年）介绍了神经胶质生物学的最新发展，但没有提供实质性的历史内容。上述书籍只是冰山一角。该申请要求资金撰写一份全面的历史记录，专门关注神经胶质，在细胞水平上组织，并提出与神经元相互作用的不同神经胶质细胞类型的更新功能。这本书雄心勃勃的目标是将历史根源与当前对Glia的了解联系起来，引导读者穿越当前文学的丛林。这本书的基本概念是关于神经胶质细胞功能的知识的巨大进步。150年前，人们最初通过显微镜观察神经胶质细胞 神经元之间的“粘合剂”的简化概念。它们的概念在世纪作为高级神经元的辅助细胞而发展。现在，神经胶质细胞被认为几乎与神经元一样重要，因为它们参与调节突触传递，塑造中枢神经系统结构，确保神经元的基本存活......本书旨在追溯神经胶质概念的变化，并达到更高的观点，神经元和几种胶质细胞类型之间的神经系统细胞整合。最近知识的爆炸是具有挑战性的理解神经胶质细胞在神经系统中的作用的全貌。它将提供一个历史的角度来看，我们如何理解神经系统的细胞已经进步，并将导致新的见解，如何进一步的进展可以作出。如果没有这个综合概念，就无法理解神经系统疾病。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The history of glial cells is virtually ignored in comparison to that of neurons. Of the recent books examining the origins of glia, the famous "Neuroglia" by Kettenmann and Ransom, second edition (2005) has a lovely chapter written on the topic. A second book by Verkhratsky and Butt "Glial Neurobiology" (2007) has an authoritative introductory chapter on the origin of the word glia among other material. A third book by Webster and Astr¿m "Gliogenesis: Historical Perspectives 1839-1985" (2009) ending in 1985 does not comprehend the recent role of glial cells, while its history roots in the 19th century are quite succinct, reduced to one paragraph per glial cell type. A fourth book by Fields "The other brain: From Dementia to Schizophrenia, How New Discoveries about the Brain Are Revolutionizing Medicine and Science" (2009), presents recent developments on glial biology without providing substantial historical content. The aforementioned books are merely the tip of the iceberg. This application requests funds to write a thorough historical account focusing exclusively on glia, organized at the cellular level, and presenting an updated function of the different glial cell types interacting with neurons. The ambitious aim of this book is to bridge th historical roots with the present knowledge on Glia to guide the reader through the jungle of the current literature. The concept underlying the book is the enormous progress of knowledge regarding the function of glial cells. 150 years ago, glial cells were initially viewed through the reductionist concept of 'glue' between neurons. Their concept has evolved during the course of the 20th century as auxiliary cells (ancillary - maid) of the nobler neuron. Now, glial cells are considered almost as important as neurons because of their involvement in modulating synaptic transmission, shaping the central nervous system architecture, assuring the basic survival of neurons... The book aims to retrace the change of concepts of glia, and reach a higher view of the cellular integration in the nervous system between neurons and the several glial cell types. The recent explosion of knowledge is challenging to comprehend the whole picture of the role of glia in the nervous system. It will give an historical perspective on how our understanding of the cells of the nervous system has advanced, and will lead to new insights as to how further advances can be made. No neurological disease can be understood without this integrated concept.