Biological vector control reducing arboviruses, including Dengue and Chikungunya

描述（由申请人提供）：在缺乏有效的、批准的药物或疫苗的情况下，媒介控制仍然是许多人对抗蚊媒疾病的唯一干预手段。这个问题变得更加复杂，最近建立了多种外来蚊子物种和蚊子传播的病原体。此外，气候条件的变化预计会改变本地蚊子的传统活动范围。一个值得注意的例子是白纹伊蚊，亚洲虎蚊，在20世纪80年代中期引入美国，这种入侵物种已经遍布东南部，随着冬季变暖，它的范围现在正在进入纽约和其他北方州，在那里它已经成为主要的叮咬蚊子。2011年在加州发现了一种稳定的侵扰，尽管正在进行消灭运动，但这种侵扰仍然存在。这种蚊子的神秘生物学使得使用传统的杀虫方法很难发现和治疗。除了它作为一个咬人的滋扰的重要性。白纹伊蚊是20多种病原体的有效载体。流行病学模型显示，感染基孔肯雅病毒的回国旅行者感染A.白纹并开始局部 传输这一假设事件与最近在欧洲、印度、斯里兰卡和留尼汪岛发生的流行病相似。我们与全国主要蚊虫控制区（加州、佛罗里达、纽约）的讨论表明，需要新的方法来防治A.白纹伊蚊和对我们产品的兴趣。我们的第一阶段结果证明了沃尔巴克氏体生物农药方法的可行性。反复释放受沃尔巴克氏体感染的雄性会导致一种条件性不育，能够消除一种A。白纹伊蚊的数量在拟议的第二阶段工作中，我们将继续研究和开发沃尔巴克氏体生物农药方法，主要目标是（1）展示原型大规模生产装置，（2）提供沃尔巴克氏体感染的A.（3）测定Wolbachia感染的A.白纹伊蚊雄性与土著野外种群的对比。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the absence of effective, approved drugs or vaccines, vector control remains the only means of intervention for many against mosquito-borne diseases. This problem grows more complex with the recent establishment of multiple exotic mosquito species and mosquito-borne pathogens. Furthermore, changing climate conditions are predicted to alter the traditional range for native mosquitoes. A notable example is Aedes albopictus, the Asian Tiger mosquito, introduced into the USA in the mid-1980s, this invasive species has spread throughout the southeast, and with warmer winters, its range is now moving into New York and other northern states, where it has become the primary biting mosquito. A stable infestation was discovered in California in 2011, which persists despite an ongoing elimination campaign. The cryptic biology of this mosquito makes it difficult to find and treat using traditional insecticidal approaches. In addition to its importance as a biting nuisance A. albopictus is a competent vector of over twenty pathogens. Epidemiological models show risk of returning travelers, infected with chikungunya virus, infecting A. albopictus and starting local transmission. This hypothesized event would be similar to recent epidemics that have occurred in Europe, India, Sri Lanka and La Reunion. Our discussions with major mosquito control districts around the country (California, Florida, New York) demonstrate the need and commercial opportunity for new approaches against A. albopictus and an interest in the our product. Our Phase I results demonstrate feasibility of a Wolbachia biopesticide approach. Repeated releases of Wolbachia- infected males cause a form of conditional sterility, capable of eliminating an A. albopictus population within eight weeks. In the proposed Phase II work, we will continue the research and development of the Wolbachia biopesticide approach, with the major goals of (1) demonstrating a prototype mass production unit, (2) providing field performance data for Wolbachia-infected A. albopictus males, and (3) measuring the pesticidal effect of Wolbachia- infected A. albopictus males against an indigenous field population.