Evolution of sex chromosome meiotic drive in stalk eyed fly populations

描述（由申请人提供）：性染色体减数分裂驱动是由自私的遗传因素引起的，该遗传因素通常通过在精子发生期间杀死所有携带Y的精子细胞来产生高度偏斜的后代性比。这一过程导致自私的减数分裂驱动元件和基因组的其余部分之间的激烈的基因组内冲突，预计这将对基因组的进化产生深远的影响。这项提案的长期目标是更好地了解减数分裂驱动如何演变。一个目的是利用RNA-seq对来自五个野生种群的茎眼蝇Teleopsis dalmanni的驱动和非驱动雄性的睾丸转录组进行测序，以鉴定这些种群中与减数分裂驱动相关的基因。这些数据将被用来测试的假设，减数分裂驱动引起的基因组内冲突驱动增加基因复制和基因运动。第二个目标是研究什么样的选择力会影响种群中减数分裂驱动的进化。这个问题是解决使用实验进化的方法来询问是否性选择的行为，以限制驱动器的传输，以及如何驱动器的存在影响人工种群中的性选择性状的进化。这项研究扩展了我们对进化的理解， 通过与果蝇属内的先前研究（其中也研究了性比减数分裂驱动）提供有用的对比，对减数分裂驱动进行了研究。这一建议也具有生物医学意义，因为它将通过调查精子发生中自然变异的演变，通过在基因和群体水平上比较性别比和标准男性，提高我们对精子发生的理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sex chromosome meiotic drive is caused by a selfish genetic element that produces a highly skewed offspring sex ratio, often by killing all Y-bearing spermatids during spermatogenesis. This process results in intense intragenomic conflict between the selfish meiotic drive element and the rest of the genome, which is expected to have far reaching effects on the evolution of the genome. The long-term goal of this proposal is to better understand how meiotic drive evolves. One aim utilizes RNA-seq to sequence the testes transcriptome of drive and non-drive males from five wild populations of the stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis dalmanni, in order to identify genes associated with meiotic drive in these populations. These data will be used to test the hypothesis that intragenomic conflict caused by meiotic drive has driven increased gene duplication and gene movement. A second aim asks what selective forces affect the evolution of meiotic drive in populations. This question is addressed using an experimental evolution approach to ask whether sexual selection acts to limit the transmission of drive and how the presence of drive affects the evolution of sexually selected traits in artificial populations. This research expands our understanding of the evolution of meiotic drive by providing a useful contrast with previous research within the genus Drosophila, where sex ratio meiotic drive has also been studied. This proposal also has biomedical relevance because it will improve our understanding of spermatogenesis by investigating the evolution of natural variation in spermatogenesis, by comparing sex-ratio and standard males, on the level of genes and populations.