Organization and experience-dependence of auditory coding in forebrain

前脑听觉编码的组织和经验依赖性

• 批准号: 8620642
• 负责人: MICHAEL S BRAINARD
• 金额: $ 32.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-25 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8620642
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Animals; Area; Attention; Auditory; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Birds; Brain; Cells; Code; Communication; Complex; Dependence; Development; Dimensions; Discrimination; Dyslexia; Employee Strikes; Fathers; Finches; Foundations; Functional disorder; GABA Agonists; Hearing; Hearing problem; Human; Information Theory; Inherited; Injection of therapeutic agent; Knowledge; Label; Lead; Learning; Left; Life; Mammals; Maps; Memory; Modeling; Molecular; Neurons; Operant Conditioning; Output; Partner in relationship; Perception; Physiological; Population; Process; Property; Prosencephalon; Secondary to; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Solid; Songbirds; Speech; Speech Pathology; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Tracer; Training; Virus; Visual Cortex; arm; auditory feedback; auditory pathway; auditory stimulus; base; detector; disability; experience; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; insight; neurophysiology; novel; receptive field; relating to nervous system; remediation; research study; response; sound; specific language impairment; speech processing; treatment strategy; vocalization; zebra finch

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Processing and perception of communication sounds such as speech are enormously important to humans, and hearing is a critical component of both. Yet we know surprisingly little about how the brain transforms auditory signals to accomplish these complex tasks. Our long-term objective is to further the development of a unified framework for understanding high-level auditory processing and how it changes, for good or ill, with experience and learning. To this end, we propose to study a stage in a central auditory circuit where there is a remarkable change from simple, primary-like response properties to complex vocalization-sensitivity, in the auditory forebrain of songbirds. These animals provide an excellent model for extracting general principles of higher-level sound processing, because they learn auditory tasks of similar difficulty to humans, and possess a hierarchical network of auditory areas that sub serve these tasks, including the avian equivalent of primary auditory cortex, field L, and several secondary areas that are the likely equivalent of belt cortex. Moreover, we have access to a rich set of auditory stimuli of behavioral relevance, songs. We recently found that within field L there is a strikingly orderly organization of receptiv fields, along spectral and temporal axes. We will ask whether and how this organization propagates to the next level, by mapping the response selectivity of these secondary areas to batteries of songs, using an information theory-based technique called maximally informative dimensions (MID). We will also record responses to songs learned earlier (from father, mate) to examine the additional hypothesis that sound memories learned early in life have a special representation in such areas. In parallel, we will test the anatomical and physiological contribution of the inputs from field L to these secondary areas, by selectively labeling or turnin off subsets of these inputs. Finally, armed with the knowledge of these circuits' organization, we will ask whether and how their receptive field organization and song representations change after birds learn a behavioral discrimination task that strongly focuses their attention on either spectral or temporal aspects of song, two key parameters mapped in field L, and critical both in normal and impaired auditory processing.

描述（由申请人提供）：处理和感知交流声音（如语音）对人类非常重要，听力是两者的关键组成部分。然而，对于大脑如何转换听觉信号来完成这些复杂的任务，我们知之甚少。我们的长期目标是进一步发展一个统一的框架来理解高级听觉处理，以及它是如何随着经验和学习而变化的，是好是坏。为此，我们建议研究鸣禽听觉前脑中从简单的初级反应特性到复杂的发声敏感性发生显著变化的中央听觉回路中的一个阶段。这些动物为提取高级声音处理的一般原理提供了一个很好的模型，因为它们学习与人类难度相似的听觉任务，并且拥有一个听觉区域的分层网络来辅助这些任务，包括鸟类等效的初级听觉皮层，区域L，以及几个可能相当于皮带皮层的次级区域。此外，我们还可以接触到一系列丰富的与行为相关的听觉刺激，比如歌曲。我们最近发现，在场L内，沿着光谱和时间轴，有一个非常有序的接受场组织。我们将使用一种称为最大信息维度（MID）的基于信息理论的技术，通过将这些次要区域的反应选择性映射到歌曲的电池，来询问这种组织是否以及如何传播到下一个层次。我们还将记录对早期（来自父亲，伴侣）歌曲的反应，以检验生命早期学习的声音记忆在这些区域有特殊表征的额外假设。同时，我们将通过选择性地标记或关闭这些输入的子集，测试从场L输入到这些次要区域的解剖学和生理学贡献。最后，有了这些电路组织的知识，我们将询问在鸟类学习了一项行为辨别任务后，它们的感受野组织和歌曲表征是否以及如何发生变化，该任务强烈地将注意力集中在歌曲的频谱或时间方面，这两个关键参数映射在领域L中，对正常和受损的听觉处理都至关重要。