Factors Affecting Dissemination Events Early in Bubonic Plague

描述（由申请人提供）：鼠疫耶尔森氏菌是多种哺乳动物疾病的病原体，当人类和动物生态相交时，人类可能被感染。这导致了人类历史上的几次鼠疫大流行，感染Y。由于鼠疫在许多国家的发病率增加，世界卫生组织目前认为鼠疫是一种重新出现的传染病。腺鼠疫是最常见的疾病形式，未经治疗的死亡率估计为40- 70%。 最近几个研究小组的一些研究表明，Y。鼠疫杆菌在感染早期会主动引起免疫抑制。此外，最近的研究表明，接种后非常早期的事件是决定感染结果的原因。腺鼠疫发病的第一步是病原体从接种部位（IS）传播到引流淋巴结（DLN）。长期以来，人们认为细菌通过吞噬细胞的运输传播到DLN。然而，有惊人的小体内数据证明这一点。我们假设Y.鼠疫通过与宿主先天反应的关键成分相互作用，积极影响这些早期传播事件。我们的长期目标是了解Y.从IS到DLN使用皮内接种途径（最接近模拟跳蚤的途径）和我们最近开发的播散试验，我们能够监测细菌从IS转运至DLN，随后转运至全身组织。在这里，我们将专门在体内测试（a）广泛持有的信念，即吞噬细胞是重要的traffiking Y。（B）鼠疫菌从IS到DLN的作用;已知鼠疫毒力因子影响体外与吞噬细胞的相互作用，因为它们影响向DLN的早期传播。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of disease in a variety of mammals, and humans can become infected when human and animal ecologies intersect. This has led to several pandemics of plague in human history, and infection with Y. pestis is currently considered by the WHO as a re-emerging infectious disease because of the increased incidence in a wide number of countries. Bubonic plague is the most common form of disease and the untreated mortality rate is estimated at 40-70%. A number of recent studies from several groups suggest that Y. pestis actively causes immunosuppression early during infection. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that very early events after inoculation are responsible for determining the outcome of infection. One of the first steps in the pathogenesis of bubonic plague is dissemination of the pathogen from the inoculation site (IS) to the draining lymph node (DLN). It has long been believed that the bacteria disseminate to the DLN by trafficking in phagocytic cells. However, there is strikingly little in vivo data demonstrating this. We hypothesize that Y. pestis actively influences these early dissemination events by interacting with key components of the host innate response. Our long-term goal is to understand the mechanism of dissemination of Y. pestis from the IS to the DLN. Using an intradermal route (the route that most closely mimics that of the flea) of inoculation and a dissemination assay we recently developed, we are able to monitor the transit of bacteria to the DLN from the IS, and subsequently to systemic tissues. Here, we will specifically test in vivo (a) the widely held belief that phagocytic cells are important for traffiking Y. pestis from the IS to the DLN, and (b) effects by the Y. pestis virulence factors known to affect interactions with phagocytic cells in vitro for their impact on early dissemination to the DLN.