Friendship Networks and Emergence of Substance Use

描述（由申请人提供）：PROSPER同龄人项目的拟议更新将通过使用PROSPER预防试验的显著同龄人网络数据来提高对预防研究和规划在很大程度上未解决的年龄跨度期间网络影响的认识，从而改善预防青少年物质使用和年轻成人艾滋病毒/艾滋病性风险行为的努力。到目前为止，我们已经研究了友谊网络和超过10,000名学生中出现的物质使用情况，这些数据来自6 - 9年级的5波数据。在这篇文章中，我们建议对12年级的同伴网络数据进行编码和分析，并将这些数据与19至24岁的结果数据合并，从而产生世界上最大和最长期的友谊网络和物质使用数据集。该项目的第一个目的是研究友谊网络对整个青少年后期物质使用的贡献，增加了一个危险行为的速度和严重性迅速增长的时期。这些额外的数据将使我们能够超越对健康和生活前景造成更大有害后果的最常见物质（酒精和烟草）。更长的时间跨度也将使我们能够通过研究友谊网络中位置轨迹的关系来开辟新的天地（例如，流行度，隔离度）到不同的使用轨迹（例如，早期发作与晚期发作;维持;升级）。我们的第二个目标是扩大我们的调查范围，包括浪漫关系和抑郁症的新兴领域，以产生关于预防性干预措施如何最好地打击其对药物使用的贡献的知识。我们将研究浪漫的伙伴关系作为桥梁，可以促进物质使用的扩散跨越遥远的口袋的同龄人网络。抑郁症在高中期间也变得更加普遍，当与物质使用相结合时，它预示着更多有问题的物质使用。我们的网络数据使我们能够使用比以前工作更严格的方法来测试抑郁症与物质使用相关的三个拟议来源。我们的第三个目标是研究青少年的友谊和物质使用如何共同促进艾滋病毒/艾滋病的高风险性行为，在艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染的高峰年龄，这是20-24岁。同龄人和物质使用都与青春期的危险性行为有关，但对他们与关键年龄后期的危险性行为的联系知之甚少。我们项目的最终目的是测试友谊网络如何对预防计划的长期影响做出贡献。我们的研究具有独特的优势，被嵌入在PROSPER社区级的青少年物质使用预防随机试验中，该试验已被证明可以减少至少12年级的物质使用，我们之前的工作表明，PROSPER成功地改变了同伴网络，以减少同伴对物质使用的影响。额外的数据将使我们能够评估项目网络效应的持久性及其在调节长期效应中的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed renewal of the PROSPER Peers Project will improve efforts to prevent adolescent substance use and young adult sexual risk behaviors for HIV/AIDS by using the remarkable peer network data of the PROSPER prevention trial to advance knowledge of network influences during an age span that is largely unaddressed by prevention research and programming. To date we have studied friendship networks and the emergence of substance use among over 10,000 students across 5 waves of data for 6th-9th grade. In this continuation, we propose coding and analyzing 3 additional waves of peer network data through 12th grade and merging these data with outcome data at age 19 to 24, producing the largest and longest-term dataset on friendship networks and substance use in the world. The first aim of the project is to examine the contributions of friendship networks t substance use throughout late adolescence, adding a period of rapid growth in the rate and seriousness of risky behavior. The additional years of data will enable us to move beyond the most common substances (alcohol and tobacco) to use bringing greater harmful consequences for health and life prospects. The longer time span also will permit us to break new ground by examining the relation of trajectories of positions in friendship networks (e.g., popularity, isolation) to varying trajectories of use (e.g., earlier versus later onset; maintenance; escalatio). Our second aim is to expand the scope of our investigation to include the emerging domains of romantic relationships and depression to generate knowledge about how preventive interventions can best combat their contributions to substance use. We will examine romantic partnerships as bridges that may facilitate diffusion of substance use across distant pockets of peer networks. Depression also becomes considerably more prevalent during the high school years, and when combined with substance use, it foretells more problematic substance use. Our network data enable us to test the three proposed sources of depression's association with substance use using considerably more rigorous methods than prior work. Our third aim is to examine how adolescent friendships and substance use jointly contribute to sexual risk behavior that carries a high risk of HIV/AIDS, during the peak age of acquisition of HIV/AIDS, which is 20-24 years old. Both peers and substance use are associated with risky sexual behavior in adolescence, but little is known about their connection to sexual risk behavior at the key later ages. The final aim of our project is to test how friendship networks contribute to long-term impacts of prevention programs. Our study has the unique advantage of being embedded in the PROSPER community-level randomized trial of adolescent substance use prevention that has been shown to reduce substance use through at least 12th grade, and our prior work demonstrated that PROSPER succeeded in altering peer networks to reduce the potential for peer influence toward substance use. The additional years of data will enable us to assess the durability of program network effects and their role in mediating long-term effects.