A Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Drug Abuse among Adolescent Girls

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究资助申请中计划的研究解决了美国青春期女孩吸毒率不断增长和不可接受的高比率问题。我们建议开发和测试一个互动的、基于网络的方案，以防止女孩滥用药物和推迟吸毒的开始。研究参与者将是从Facebook招募的13岁和14岁的女孩。Facebook是美国最大和最受欢迎的社交网站，注册人数占所有13和14岁女孩的44%。该预防方案以社会认知理论为基础，在复原力框架内，将使女孩具备认知行为技能，以应对同龄人和社会影响、自尊、抑郁和与少女吸毒有关的身体形象问题。所有女孩都将在线获取措施。干预组的女孩将在线访问该计划的初始会议和年度助推器会议。针对性别的内容将作为嵌入网站的会议菜单，为女孩提供时事、娱乐新闻、星座运势、励志名言、健康和美容秘诀以及其他与年龄和性别相关的功能。通过虚拟角色扮演模拟，这些课程将采用情绪反应的化身和分支学习环境，通过这些环境，女孩可以获得，尝试，接收反馈并掌握新的认知行为技能。互动和针对性别的预防内容将使该方案的主题连贯一致，并增强其对少女的吸引力和价值。研究设计为随机临床试验。从美国各地招募，13岁和14岁的女孩将在同意参与研究并获得父母许可后被招募。所有女孩将在线完成预测试措施;干预组女孩将与预防方案互动，所有女孩将完成后测试措施和1年、2年和3年的随访措施。干预组女孩在完成1年和2年随访后将额外接受助推器治疗。在随访测量期间，数据分析将检查干预组和对照组之间过去30天的药物使用率和药物使用开始率。我们还将研究与药物使用风险和保护因素相关的中介变量的干预效果。并且，我们将评估中介变量的变化在多大程度上解释了两组之间药物使用的差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The planned study in this research grant application addresses the problem of growing and unacceptably high rates of drug use among adolescent girls in the United States. We propose to develop and test an interactive, web-based program to prevent drug abuse and delay the onset of drug use among girls. Study participants will be 13- and 14-year-old girls recruited from Facebook. Facebook is the largest and most popular social networking site in the United States, with an enrollment of 44 percent of all 13- and 14-year-old girls. Grounded in social cognitive theory and within a resiliency framework, the prevention program will equip girls with cognitive-behavioral skills to address peer and social influences, self-esteem, depression, and body- image issues associated with drug use among adolescent girls. All girls will access measures online. Girls in the intervention arm will access the program's initial sessions and annual booster sessions online. The gender- specific content will be housed as a menu of sessions embedded on a website offering girls access to current events, entertainment news, horoscopes, inspirational quotes, health and beauty tips, and other age- and gender-relevant features. Through virtual role-play simulations, the sessions will employ emotionally responsive avatars and a branched learning environment through which girls can acquire, try out, receive feedback on, and master new cognitive-behavioral skills. Interactive and gender-specific prevention content will give the program thematic coherence and enhance its attraction and value to adolescent girls. The study design is a randomized clinical trial. Recruited from across the United States, 13- and 14-year- old girls will be enrolled when they assent to study participation and obtain parental permission. Online, all girls will complete pretest measures; intervention-arm girls will interact with the prevention program, and all girls will complete posttest measures and 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up measures. Intervention-arm girls will additionally receive booster sessions after they complete 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Across follow-up measurement occasions, data analyses will examine rates of past 30-day drug use and drug use initiation between the intervention and control arms. We will also examine intervention effects on mediator variables associated with drug use risk and protective factors. And, we will assess the extent to which changes in mediator variables explain differences in drug use between arms.