Preventing Drug Abuse among Hispanic Adolescents

描述（由申请人提供）：此重新提交的申请解决了其初始审查中确定的弱点。根据PAS-09-001，药物滥用流行病学和服务研究与临床和转化科学奖励联盟（R01）合作，该申请计划开发，测试和传播一个互动项目，以延迟药物使用的开始，并防止西班牙裔年轻人有害使用和滥用药物。研究参与者将来自曼哈顿北部，那里居住着大量来自多米尼加、波多黎各和其他背景的西班牙裔家庭。该预防项目以双文化能力和社会学习理论为基础，将为青少年提供认知和行为技能，以解决与西班牙裔青少年吸毒有关的特定种族和泛种族风险和保护因素。青少年将通过个人电脑参加该计划的10次初始会议和年度加强会议。通过人类模拟互动平台，该项目将采用人工智能，情绪状态的图形描述，以及一个分支学习环境，在这个环境中，青少年可以获得、尝试、接受反馈，并掌握新的人际交往技能。将文化内容融入到每个项目会议中，以及专门讨论文化适应、西班牙传统和双文化压力等问题的会议，将使项目的主题具有连贯性，并增强其吸引力和价值。研究设计为随机临床试验。入组的11岁、12岁和13岁的青少年将完成基线测量，干预组青少年将接受初始预防计划，所有青少年将完成干预后和12、24和36个月的随访测量。干预组的青少年在完成12个月和24个月的随访测量后，还将接受成对的强化训练。假设检验分析将检查各组之间和随访测量场合的30天药物使用率。此外，我们将分析与药物使用风险和保护因素相关的中介变量的干预效果。我们还将评估中介变量的变化在多大程度上解释药物使用差异。并且，我们将检查性别差异，并尽可能地检查移民身份和种族背景在研究结果中的差异。在试验结束时，假设纵向研究结果支持经过测试的预防方法，我们将修改该计划，以增加其对整个美国的西班牙裔青年的吸引力，我们将通过各种在线资源传播修订后的计划。在整个过程中，我们将监控节目的传播。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This resubmitted application addresses the weaknesses identified in its initial review. Prepared in response to PAS-09-001, Drug Abuse Epidemiology and Services Research in Cooperation with the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Consortium (R01), the application lays plans to develop, test, and disseminate an interactive program to delay the onset of drug use and to prevent harmful use and abuse among Hispanic youths. Study participants will come from Northern Manhattan, home to a large population of Hispanic families from Dominican, Puerto Rican, and other backgrounds. Grounded in bicultural competence and social learning theories, the prevention program will equip youths with cognitive and behavioral skills to address ethnic-specific and pan-ethnic risk and protective factors associated with drug use among Hispanic adolescents. Youths will access the program's 10 initial sessions and annual booster sessions via personal computer. Through a human simulation interaction platform, the program will employ artificial intelligence, graphic portrayals of emotional states, and a branched learning environment in which youths can acquire, try out, receive feedback on, and master new interpersonal skills. Cultural content woven into every programmatic session, together with sessions expressly dedicated to issues of acculturation, Hispanic traditions, and bicultural stress will give the program thematic coherence and enhance its attraction and value. The study design is a randomized clinical trial. Enrolled 11-, 12-, and 13-year-old youths will complete baseline measures, intervention-arm youths will receive the initial prevention program, and all youths will complete post-intervention and 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up measures. Intervention-arm youths will additionally receive pairs of booster sessions after they complete 12- and 24-month follow-up measurements. Hypothesis testing analyses will examine 30-day drug use rates between arms and across follow-up measurement occasions. In addition, we will analyze intervention effects on mediator variables associated with drug use risk and protective factors. We also will assess the extent to which changes on mediator variables explain drug use differences. And, we will examine gender differences, and, to the extent possible, immigration status and ethnic background differences in study outcomes. At the conclusion of the trial, and assuming that longitudinal findings support the tested prevention approach, we will revise the program to increase its appeal for Hispanic youth across America, and we will disseminate the revised program through a variety of online resources. Throughout, we will monitor program dissemination.