The Effects of Repeated Retrieval on Autobiographical Memories

重复检索对自传体记忆的影响

• 批准号: 8693019
• 负责人: Andrew C Butler
• 金额: $ 2.14万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-01-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8693019
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Amnesia; Arousal; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Characteristics; Clinical; Communication; Complex; Emotional; Emotions; Empirical Research; Event; Exposure to; Future; Goals; Image; Individual; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Longevity; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental Health; National Institute of Mental Health; Nature; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Participant; Personhood; Phobic anxiety disorder; Play; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Property; Psychopathology; Quality of life; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Retrieval; Role; Self Concept; Sensory; Stimulus; Strategic Planning; Stress; Structure; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Trauma; Visual; Walkers; experience; improved; interest; memory retrieval; mental health related disorder; prospective; rehearsal; research study; vigilance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Autobiographical memory (AM) plays a central role in people's construction of a self-concept, their experience of personhood, and the way in which they interact with world around them. AM is fundamental to a host of important behaviors, such as learning (e.g., Pillemer, 2003), communication (Bluck & Alea, 2002), goal pursuit (e.g., Singer & Salovey, 1993), and imaging possible future events (e.g., Szpunar, 2010). When AM is lost because of amnesia (Burgess & Shallice, 1996) or Alzheimer's disease (Bayles, Kaszniak, & Tomoeda, 1991) the consequences are profound. Similarly, quality of life can be severely reduced when AMs are intensely negative - many forms of psychopathology involve stress-provoking and intrusive memories, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; e.g., Rubin, Berntsen, & Bohni, 2008). Since the origins of systematic empirical research on AM (Freud, 1915; Galton, 1883), the field has generated much knowledge about nature and function of AM as it develops across the lifespan (for review see Conway et al., 2010). A basic question that has been thoroughly investigated is how the content (e.g., specific details of events, narrative structure, etc.) and phenomenological characteristics (e.g., emotional intensity, vividness, etc.) of AMs change over time. In order to explain why AMs change over time, researchers often invoke repeated retrieval of previously experienced events (i.e. "rehearsal") as a causal mechanism. However, the evidence for this claim is mostly correlational because AM studies usually measure retrieval retrospectively through subjective reports rather than manipulating it in prospective experiments. The broad goal of the proposed research is to test theoretical claims about how repeated retrieval affects AM and examine whether these effects differ in individuals with and without PTSD. More specifically, the proposed research will investigate how retrieval affects the content and phenomenological characteristics of AMs by performing prospective experiments in which the retrieval of AMs is manipulated as an independent variable. Critically, the theoretical claims that will be tested have direct implications for mental health. For example, one symptom of PTSD is the repeated retrieval of intensely negative, stress-provoking AMs - knowledge of how retrieval affects AM may enable the improvement of therapies involving the retrieval of memories to reduce the emotional intensity of trauma memories. The proposed research will advance Objectives #1 and #3 put forth in the NIMH Strategic Plan. The study will further our understanding of the behavioral and experiential factors that contribute to PTSD (Strategic Objective #1). In addition, the study will improve the efficacy of existing therapies tht are used for the treatment of PTSD, while also informing the treatment of other memory-related mental health disorders (Strategic Objective #3).

描述（由申请人提供）：自传式记忆（AM）在人们的自我概念的构建、他们的人格体验以及他们与周围世界互动的方式中起着核心作用。AM是许多重要行为的基础，例如学习（例如，Pillemer, 2003）、沟通（例如，Bluck & Alea, 2002）、目标追求（例如，Singer & Salovey, 1993）和想象未来可能发生的事件（例如，Szpunar, 2010）。当AM因失忆症（Burgess & Shallice, 1996）或阿尔茨海默病（Bayles, Kaszniak, & Tomoeda, 1991）而丧失时，其后果是深远的。同样，当记忆异常消极时，生活质量也会严重下降——许多形式的精神病理都涉及应激性和侵入性记忆，如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD，例如Rubin， Berntsen, & Bohni, 2008）。自从对AM进行系统实证研究以来（Freud, 1915; Galton, 1883），随着AM在整个生命周期中的发展，该领域已经产生了许多关于AM的性质和功能的知识（回顾请参见Conway et al., 2010）。一个已经被深入研究的基本问题是，AMs的内容（例如，事件的具体细节，叙事结构等）和现象学特征（例如，情感强度，生动性等）是如何随时间变化的。为了解释为什么am会随着时间的推移而变化，研究人员经常调用以前经历过的事件的重复检索(即。“排练”)作为因果机制。然而，这一说法的证据主要是相关的，因为AM研究通常通过主观报告而不是操纵它来回顾性地测量检索