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Nutritional Regulation of Bone

骨骼的营养调节

基本信息

批准号：
8744648
负责人：
Sue Amy Shapses
金额：
$ 3.95万
依托单位：
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-12-20 至 2015-12-19
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8744648
关键词：
Address Adipose tissue Adult Affect African American Age Asians Attenuated Biological Markers Body Weight Changes Body Weight decreased Bone Density Bone Resorption Bone Tissue Calcium Caloric Restriction Calories Carbohydrates Caucasians Caucasoid Race Chronic Data Diabetes Mellitus Diet Dietary Calcium Dietary Proteins Endocrine Estrogens Ethnic Origin Ethnic group Fat-Restricted Diet Fatty Acids Fatty acid glycerol esters Fracture Geometry Goals Health High Prevalence Hormones Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Proteins Intake Knowledge Metabolic Metabolic syndrome Minority Nutritional Obesity Osteoporosis Osteoporosis prevention Outcome Overweight Parathyroid gland Placebos Population Postmenopause Prevention Proteins Recommendation Regulation Risk Risk Factors Serum Site Skeletal Muscle South Asian Stomach Trochanters Variant Visceral Vitamin D Weight Weight maintenance regimen Woman blood glucose regulation bone bone geometry bone loss bone mass bone quality bone strength bone turnover calcium absorption calcium intake calcium metabolism cytokine disorder risk high risk high standard hypercalciuria improved interest moderate obesity muscle form novel obesity prevention prevent primary outcome protein intake response soft tissue weight maintenance

项目摘要

In the USA, minority populations are growing rapidly. The expected population increase from 2010 to 2015 is 37% for Asians and 20% for Black/African Americans (AA) compared to only 13% for White/Caucasians (C). It is well known that endocrine profiles may vary in these ethnic groups, and this may be associated with adipose depots that differ from Cs. For example, AA’s have higher rates of obesity than Cs, and metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in South Asians (SAs) as compared to other ethnic groups. While bone mineral density (BMD) in SAs is similar to Cs, fracture risk begins at an earlier age, and it is unclear if this is related to their lower muscle mass, higher visceral adipose tissue or altered an endocrine profile. AAs have higher muscle mass, BMD and lower fracture risk, compared to C. There are a rising number of fragility fractures in all ethnicities, and more recently, it has been shown that higher BMD in the obese is not protective. Weight loss is recommended to reduce risks associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, but there are also changes in BMD and geometry and increased fracture risk. Previous weight loss studies have shown that postmenopausal women are particularly vulnerable to BMD loss, yet these studies reflect the response in C women. Weight loss also differentially attenuates BMD and skeletal muscle mass at different anatomical sites and these same sites show variation in fracture risk by ethnicity. Since visceral adiposity is associated with compromised BMD, this too may affect bone differently across ethnic groups. Moreover, the variations in hormones and cytokines among ethnic groups may explain a differential bone response to wt change in these populations. In addition, Ca absorption is compromised during caloric restriction, and therefore it is important to determine if it is a risk factor for weight loss induced bone loss across ethnicities. The central hypothesis is that there will be BMD loss in all ethnic groups due to wt loss that will be partially explained by a reduction in Ca absorption, whereas site specific BMD loss will differ between ethnic groups and be related to the regional changes in muscle mass. In the proposed studies, we will study 3 ethnic groups (SA, AA and C) of postmenopausal overweight/obese women before and after weight loss to: 1) determine the effect on BMD, bone geometry and strength; 2) determine how BMD changes relate to changes in total and regional muscle mass and fat depots; and 3) examine if Ca absorption contributes to BMD changes with weight loss. Understanding ethnic-specific responses of bone and soft tissue to weight loss is novel and important due the unique metabolic profiles and disease risks in these ethnic groups. The ultimate goal is to develop and encourage healthy weight control strategies that are tailored to address ethnic diversity in the prevention of obesity and osteoporosis.

在美国，少数民族人口正在迅速增长。预期的人口增长从2010年到2015年，亚裔为37%，黑人/非裔美国人（AA）为20%，白色/高加索人仅为13%（C）。众所周知，内分泌概况可能会有所不同，这些种族群体，这可能与不同的脂肪库，从Cs。为例如，AA的肥胖率比C高，代谢综合征更多，与其他种族群体相比，南亚人（SA）中普遍存在。骨矿物质 SA的骨密度（BMD）与CS相似，骨折风险开始于较早的年龄，如果这与他们较低的肌肉质量，较高的内脏脂肪组织或改变，内分泌特征AA具有更高的肌肉质量，BMD和更低的骨折风险，梭在所有种族中，脆弱性骨折的数量都在增加，最近，已经表明，肥胖者的BMD较高并不具有保护作用。减肥是建议减少与肥胖和代谢综合征相关的风险，但骨密度和几何形状的变化以及骨折风险的增加。先前的减肥研究已经表明，绝经后妇女特别容易受到BMD损失，但这些研究反映了C女性的反应。体重减轻也会不同程度地降低BMD 和骨骼肌质量，这些相同的部位显示出差异，骨折风险的种族。由于内脏肥胖与BMD受损有关，这也可能对不同种族的骨骼产生不同的影响。此外，激素和细胞因子可以解释不同种族的骨反应，这些人群的变化。此外，钙的吸收在热量摄入期间受到损害。限制，因此，重要的是要确定它是否是减肥的风险因素导致了不同种族的骨质流失。中心假设是，在所有种族群体中，由于体重减轻，这将部分解释为钙的减少，吸收，而部位特异性BMD损失将在种族群体之间存在差异，肌肉质量的区域性变化。在拟议的研究中，我们将研究3个种族绝经后超重/肥胖妇女术前和术后的SA、AA和C组体重减轻：1）确定对BMD、骨几何形状和强度的影响; 2）确定 BMD变化与总肌肉量和局部肌肉量以及脂肪库变化的关系; 3)检查钙吸收是否有助于体重减轻时BMD的变化。理解骨和软组织对体重减轻的种族特异性反应是新的和重要的，这些种族群体独特的代谢特征和疾病风险。最终目标是制定和鼓励健康的体重控制策略，预防肥胖和骨质疏松症的多样性。