Prosody in Congenital and Acquired Dysarthria.

先天性和后天性构音障碍的韵律。

• 批准号: 8636737
• 负责人: RUPAL PATEL
• 金额: $ 19.65万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8636737
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Auditory Perception; Cerebral Palsy; Childhood; Clinical; Communication; Communication impairment; Computer Interface; Computer Simulation; Cues; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Dysarthria; Employment; Etiology; Exhibits; Feedback; Financial compensation; Health; Impairment; Improve Access; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Loudness; Methodology; Motor; Movement; Nature; Neurologic; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Perception; Performance; Play; Population; Production; Research; Side; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Disorders; Stimulus; Stroke; Subgroup; Symptoms; System; Taxonomy; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Translating; Traumatic Brain Injury; Undifferentiated; Variant; Voice; Work; base; clinical practice; developmental disease; experience; innovation; motor control; motor deficit; motor disorder; motor impairment; motor learning; neuromuscular; novel; novel diagnostics; research study; response; social; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Communication is dependent as much on what one says (segmental speech) as on how one says it (prosody). Dysarthria is the most prevalent neurologic communication disorder and has congenital and acquired etiologies. Since both segmental and prosodic aspects of speech production are often compromised in dysarthria, it can profoundly hinder spoken communication. Historically, dysarthria research has primarily focused on segmental errors observed in speakers with acquired impairments, which has led to the current taxonomy and therapeutic interventions. Recent work has begun to investigate the nature of prosodic impairments in dysarthria and has revealed that prosodic deficits in congenital populations do not conform to conventional descriptions of dysprosody in acquired dysarthria. Specifically, speakers with congenital dysarthria tend to yield exaggerated, or otherwise atypical prosody while those with acquired dysarthria exhibit dampened or restricted modulation of typical contrasts. These differences in prosody production have not been reconciled since acquired and congenital groups are often studied separately using different stimuli and tasks, and the underlying cause of production differences is unknown. However, typical speech development, including prosody, is a partially closed-loop system in which learning is influenced by sensorimotor feedback. Given a motor disorder beginning in childhood, and known effects of production on perception, it is plausible that prosody is improperly learned during development for those with congenital dysarthria, but not for those with acquired (post-developmental onset) dysarthria. Understanding the origin of prosodic production differences between these groups is critical for delivering tailored interventions. The proposed work is the first to investigate the effect of impaired sensorimotor feedback during development on learning and producing prosody. Major innovations include 1) the study of perception-production interactions in congenital and acquired subgroups using the same stimuli and tasks for objective comparison and 2) the use of a novel non-vocal task to dissociate vocal motor execution deficits from prosodic knowledge differences. Experiment 1 investigates prosodic perception by examining the ability to classify utterances varying in prosodic contrast magnitude. Experiment 2 examines perception-production interactions by comparing vocal imitations to productions via a non-vocal, visuo-spatial interface (Prosodic Marionette). These interconnected experiments will provide a more complete understanding of prosody in dysarthria. Resulting advances have the potential to fuel new diagnostic and intervention practices that account for the impact of developmental experience on perceiving and producing prosody and may spark new lines of inquiry into whether similar factors are at play in segmental impairments in dysarthria.

描述（由申请人提供）：沟通取决于一个人说什么（分段语音），因为一个人如何说（韵律）。构音障碍是最常见的神经系统沟通障碍，有先天性和后天性病因。构音障碍患者的言语产生的音段性和韵律性都受到损害，这会严重阻碍口语交流。从历史上看，构音障碍的研究主要集中在获得性障碍的扬声器中观察到的分段错误，这导致了目前的分类和治疗干预。最近的工作已经开始调查构音障碍的韵律障碍的性质，并已发现，先天性人群的韵律缺陷不符合传统的描述，获得性构音障碍的韵律障碍。具体来说，先天性构音障碍的扬声器往往会产生夸张的，或以其他方式非典型的韵律，而那些后天构音障碍表现出抑制或限制调制的典型对比。这些差异在韵律生产还没有得到调和，因为后天和先天群体往往是分别研究使用不同的刺激和任务，生产差异的根本原因是未知的。然而，典型的言语发展，包括韵律，是一个部分闭环系统，其中学习受到感觉运动反馈的影响。考虑到运动障碍始于童年，以及已知的生产对感知的影响，先天性构音障碍患者在发育过程中学习韵律不正确是合理的，但后天性构音障碍患者（发育后发作）则不然。了解这些群体之间韵律产生差异的起源对于提供量身定制的干预至关重要。这项工作是第一次调查受损的感觉运动反馈在发展过程中对学习和生产韵律的影响。主要创新包括：1）使用相同的刺激和任务进行客观比较，研究先天性和后天亚组的感知-产生相互作用; 2）使用一种新的非声乐任务将声乐运动执行缺陷与韵律知识差异分离开来。实验1研究韵律感知，通过检查的能力，不同的韵律对比度的话语进行分类。实验2探讨知觉生产的相互作用，比较声乐模仿生产通过一个非声乐，视觉空间接口（韵律木偶）。这些相互关联的实验将提供一个更完整的理解韵律构音障碍。由此产生的进步有可能推动新的诊断和干预措施，解释发展经验对感知和产生韵律的影响，并可能引发新的调查路线，以确定类似的因素是否在构音障碍的节段性损伤中发挥作用。