Effectiveness of basic and premium hearing aid features for older adults

描述（由申请人提供）：大约三分之一的老年人有听力损失，但只有不到25%的人有问题寻求帮助。在轻度至中度听力损失的人群中，寻求帮助的比例甚至更低：10%或更低。这种情况有显著的社会后果，因为未经治疗的听力问题已被证明会导致社交，情感和沟通困难以及经济劣势。助听器是治疗大多数老年人听力损失的首选和最有效的方法。因此，提高这一群体的助听器采用率是一个重要的公共卫生优先事项。老年人使用助听器的几个障碍已经确定。主要障碍之一是最先进的（高级）现代助听器的成本，每台助听器的价格往往在2000美元或以上。高级助听器包含最复杂的现有技术。但是，现在有价格便宜得多的（基本水平）现代助听器。基础级设备包括不太复杂的技术，但与过去可用的助听器相比仍然非常先进。助听器是一种很好的助听器，它能有效地降低听力损失。但有非常有限的独立（即，非制造商）的数据，这些数据探讨了使用基础级助听器与高级助听器的患者在实验室，特别是真实的世界结果方面的差异，尽管这类信息在促进听力保健中的循证实践方面具有明显的重要性。因此，在向患者推荐助听器时，从业者必须主要依赖于不受支持的制造商关于功能益处的声明。毫不奇怪，高级设备经常被推荐。在这项研究中，长期目标是推进为轻度至中度听力损失的老年人提供助听器的科学基础。助听器的选配是助听器选配的重要环节。此外，将制定以证据为基础的指南，以便于为特定个人选择适当的功能级别。研究计划为盲法、重复、交叉设计。每名受试者将完成两项交叉试验，中间有一个洗脱期。每项试验都将展示来自6家主要制造商之一的当前助听器。在每项交叉试验中，将测量基本水平器械对和匹配的高级水平器械对的结局。结果将客观量化，通过标准化的自我报告，并通过访谈定性，在四个领域：语音理解，听力努力，本地化，和声音的可接受性。研究结果将帮助从业者、第三方支付者和知情患者对合适的助听器做出更多基于证据的决定。从长远来看，这将提高助听器配件的成本效益，并支持创造和利用更实惠的设备，有效优化轻度至中度听力损失老年人的听力体验。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): About one-third of older adults have a hearing loss, but fewer than 25% of those who have the problem seek help. Among people with mild to moderate hearing loss, the rate of help-seeking is even lower: 10% or less. There are significant societal ramifications of this situation because untreated hearing problems have been shown to cause social, emotional, and communication difficulties as well as economic disadvantages. Hearing aids are the first and most effective treatment for the hearing loss sustained by most older adults. Thus, it is an important public health priority to increase the hearing aid adoption rate in this group. Several barriers to adoption of hearing aids by older adults have been identified. One of the primary barriers is the cost of the most advanced (premium-level) modern hearing aids, which tend to be about $2000 or more per instrument. Premium-level hearing aids contain the most sophisticated existing technology. However, much less-costly (basic-level) modern hearing aids are available. Basic-level devices include less sophisticated technology but still are very advanced compared to hearing aids available in the past. It is likely that basic-level hearing aids would be substantially helpful for many older adults with mild-moderate hearing loss. But there are very limited independent (i.e., non-manufacturer) data that explore the differences in laboratory and, especially, real world outcomes for patients using basic-level versus premium-level hearing aids, despite the obvious importance of this type of information in promoting evidence-based practice in hearing health care. As a result, when recommending hearing aids to patients, practitioners must rely mostly on unsupported manufacturer claims about feature benefits. Not surprisingly, premium-level devices are very frequently recommended. In this research, the long-term goal is to advance the scientific basis of hearing aid provision for older adults with mild to moderate hearing loss. The effectiveness of basic-level hearing aids and premium-level hearing aids will be determined and compared. In addition, evidence-based guidelines will be formulated to facilitate the selection of the appropriate feature level for a particular individual. The research plan is a blinded, repeated, crossover design. Each participant will complete two crossover trials separated by a washout period. Each trial will feature current hearing aids from one of 6 major manufacturers. In each crossover trial, outcomes will be measured for a basic-level device pair and a matching premium-level device pair. Outcomes will be quantified objectively, by standardized self-report, and qualitatively by interview, in each of four domains: speech understanding, listening effort, localization, and sound acceptability. The results will help practitioners, third-party payers, and informed patients to make more evidence-based decisions about appropriate hearing aids. In the long run, this will improve the cost-effectiveness of hearing aid fittings and support efforts to create and utilize more affordable devices that effectively optimize the listening experience for older adults with mild to moderate hearing loss.