A Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Middle School Gender Violence Prevention Program

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的集群随机化校本研究将检查一个项目的有效性，为青少年约会暴力（TDV）和性暴力（SV）在中学男运动员的犯罪的初级预防。让男子和男孩参与预防暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为，被全球主要卫生组织视为一项重要的公共卫生战略。“将男孩训练成男人”（CBIM）是一个以理论和证据为基础的计划，旨在改变助长TDV/SV犯罪的性别规范，促进旁观者干预（即，给男孩技能打断不尊重， 他们在同龄人中看到的虐待行为），并减少TDV/SV犯罪。教练接受60分钟的训练和每两周一次的检查，从教练管理干预他们的运动员通过12个迷你课程每周进行整个运动赛季。在高中运动员中进行的一项计划有效性随机试验（CDC CE 001561 - 01，PI米勒）中，与对照组相比，接受该计划的男性运动员表现出积极的旁观者干预行为增加，虐待行为减少。该提案旨在测试该计划在6-8年级的年轻男性运动员中的有效性。创新有三个方面：（1）测试一种新的TDV/SV预防计划对中学男运动员的有效性;（2）培训TDV/SV预防方面的运动教练，从而实施不依赖于教师或课堂时间的初级预防;（3）改变性别规范，结合旁观者干预方法的技术，以减少TDV/SV。这项研究是重要的，因为我们有太少的证据为基础的TDV/SV预防计划的任何年龄，只有一个其他的证据为基础的TDV/SV预防计划的中学，我们没有证据为基础的TDV/SV计划的青少年以外的课堂设置。实验设计包括在宾夕法尼亚州的26所中学进行的双臂随机分组对照试验。学校将被随机分配到干预或控制（标准教练）条件。干预学校的教练将接受CBIM培训。将收集第1年（时间1; N=2200名运动员）每个运动季节开始时进入6-8年级的所有干预和对照研究中心运动员的基线调查。后续调查将在每个运动赛季结束时收集（时间2）。所有参与的运动员将在基线后12个月重新调查（时间3;最终N = 1980）。使用广义线性混合模型来解释学校水平随机化产生的聚类，将评估干预对时间2和时间3结果的影响。主要结果是积极的旁观者行为;次要结果包括：a）当目睹TDV/SV相关的同伴行为时，干预的意图增加，B）对构成虐待行为的知识增加，以及c）对关系行为的性别平等态度增加。还将在两个时间点评估运动员自我报告的TDV/SV实施行为。将进行观察、访谈和重点小组讨论，以记录执行进程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed cluster-randomized school-based study will examine the effectiveness of a program for the primary prevention of teen dating violence (TDV) and sexual violence (SV) perpetration among middle school male athletes. Engaging men and boys in preventing violence against women and girls is recognized by major global health organizations as a critical public health strategy. "Coaching Boys into Men" (CBIM) is a theory- and evidence-based program intended to alter gender norms that foster TDV/SV perpetration, promote bystander intervention (i.e., give boys skills to interrupt disrespectful and abusive behaviors they witness among peers), and reduce TDV/SV perpetration. Coaches receive a 60-minute training and biweekly check-in from the trainer to administer the intervention to their athletes via 12 mini-lessons conducted weekly throughout a sport season. In a randomized trial of program effectiveness among high school athletes (CDC CE001561- 01, PI Miller), male athletes receiving the program demonstrated increased positive bystander intervention behaviors and less abuse perpetration compared to controls. This proposal seeks to test the effectiveness of this program with younger male athletes in grades 6-8. The innovations are three-fold: (1) testing the efficacy of a novel TDV/SV prevention program for middle school male athletes; (2) training athletic coaches in TDV/SV prevention thus implementing primary prevention that does not rely on teachers or classroom time; and (3) changing gender norms integrated with the technique of a bystander intervention approach to reduce TDV/SV. This study is significant because we have too few evidence-based TDV/SV prevention programs for any age, there is only one other evidence-based TDV/SV prevention program for middle school, and we have no evidence-based TDV/SV programs for youth outside the classroom setting. The experimental design involves a 2-armed cluster-randomized-controlled trial in 26 middle schools in Pennsylvania. Schools will be randomly assigned to either intervention or control (standard coaching) condition. Coaches in intervention schools will receive CBIM training. Baseline surveys will be collected for all intervention and control site athletes entering grades 6-8 at the start of each sports seasons across Year 1 (Time 1; N=2200 athletes). Follow up surveys will be collected at the end of each sports season (Time 2). All participating athletes will be re-surveyed 12 months after baseline (Time 3; final N = 1980). Using generalized linear mixed models to account for clustering arising from randomizing at the level of schools, intervention effects on outcomes at Time 2 and at Time 3 will be assessed. The primary outcome is positive bystander behavior; secondary outcomes include increases in a) intentions to intervene when TDV/SV-related peer behaviors are witnessed, b) knowledge of what constitutes abusive behavior, and c) gender-equitable attitudes regarding relationship behaviors. Self-reported TDV/SV perpetration behaviors of athletes will also be assessed at both time points. Observations, interviews and focus group discussions will be conducted to document implementation processes.