Project 1: Interactions of ENMs with Lung Lining Fluid and Immune Effector Cells

项目 1：ENM 与肺内膜液和免疫效应细胞的相互作用

• 批准号: 8675856
• 负责人: Terry Tetley
• 金额: $ 28.6万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8675856
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adsorption; Adverse effects; Air Pollution; Alveolar; Alveolar Macrophages; Area; Artificial nanoparticles; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; Behavior; Biological; Blood Pressure; Breathing; Caliber; Carbon; Cardiovascular system; Cell physiology; Cells; Chemistry; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Clothing; Collectins; Communication; Cosmetics; Defense Mechanisms; Deglutition; Deposition; Diagnosis; Diesel Exhaust; Disease; Effector Cell; Electronics; Endocytosis; Engineering; Epidemiologic Studies; Epithelial; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Escalator; Event; Evolution; Exhibits; Exposure to; Food; Government; Health; Homeostasis; Immune; Immune system; Individual; Industry; Infection; Inflammation Mediators; Institutes; Life; Lipids; Liquid substance; Lung; Lung diseases; Macrophage Activation; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Mediating; Membrane; Modeling; Modification; Molecular; Morbidity - disease rate; Mucous body substance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Myocardial Infarction; Nanotechnology; Organ; Particulate; Particulate Matter; Penetration; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Pharyngeal structure; Phospholipids; Pollution; Population; Process; Property; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Pulmonary Surfactants; Receptor Activation; Risk; Role; Shapes; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Silver; Site; Societies; Solubility; Sports; Sports Medicine; Sunscreening Agents; Surface; Surface Tension; System; Testing; Tissue membrane; alveolar epithelium; base; biological systems; body system; falls; hazard; heart rate variability; improved; insight; macrophage; microbial; mortality; nanomaterials; nanoscience; nanosized; novel; oxidation; particle; pathogen; planetary Atmosphere; receptor; receptor expression; respiratory; response; stem; surfactant; toxicant; uptake

Insights from Studies on Ambient Particulate Matter Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are now being developed for a wide range of applications, used in engineering, medicine, sports goods and the leisure industry, and for domestic use such as in cosmetics, clothing, and food. Any biological effects of these novel materials might be expected to reflect their chemistry. However, because the nano-sized particles are transitional, between the atomic molecular components and that of the bulk material, they exhibit extraordinary properties which make it difficult to predict their reactivity simply on the basis of their chemistry. Thus, unique features that make ENMs very attractive for use in novel applications, may also have adverse health effects. There are increasing concerns from prestigious societies (1), government bodies, academic institutes and other organisations, that these new products will result in adverse effects in biological systems (2-5). Initial concern stemmed from epidemiological studies showing that increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality during episodes of air pollution (5-8,13), correlated with increases in the numbers of nanosized particles, particularly diesel exhaust, in the atmosphere. Those with existing lung disease, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer, were most susceptible. Only a small increase (10 micrograms/meter3) in the amount of ambient particulate matter less that 10 microns (PMio) or 2.5 microns (PM2.5) aerodynamic diameter is needed to increase the risk of myocardial infarct. Other cardiovascular effects include reduced heart rate variability, raised blood pressure and atherosclerosis. Whilst one might anticipate that inhalation of particulate air pollution might have adverse effects on the lung, the cardiovascular effects are surprising and suggest that events taking place within the pulmonary system can cascade into other body systems. These studies highlight the critical role of the lung defence mechanisms in protection from inhaled toxicants. They also highlight the importance ofthe lung as a target organ for atmospheric particulate pollution and the need to understand the mechanisms involved in breaching the pulmonary defence system, in order to manage any risks and hazards of atmospheric exposure to ENM.

环境颗粒物工程纳米材料（ENM）研究的见解目前正在开发用于广泛的应用，用于工程，医药，体育用品和休闲产业，以及家用，如化妆品，服装和食品。这些新材料的任何生物效应都可能反映其化学性质。然而，由于纳米尺寸的颗粒是过渡的，在原子分子组分和大块材料的原子分子组分之间，它们表现出非凡的性质，这使得难以简单地基于它们的化学来预测它们的反应性。因此，使ENM在新应用中非常有吸引力的独特特征也可能具有不利的健康影响。有越来越多的关注，从著名的社会（1），政府机构，学术机构和其他组织，这些新产品将导致对生物系统的不利影响（2-5）。最初的关注源于流行病学研究，研究表明，在空气污染期间，心肺疾病发病率和死亡率增加（5- 8，13），与大气中纳米颗粒物，特别是柴油废气数量的增加有关。那些患有哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和癌症等肺部疾病的人最容易受到影响。空气动力学直径小于10微米（PM10）或2.5微米（PM2.5）的环境颗粒物数量仅需小幅增加（10微克/米3）即可增加心肌梗死风险。其他心血管效应包括心率变异性降低、血压升高和动脉粥样硬化。虽然人们可能会预期吸入颗粒空气污染可能对肺部产生不利影响，但心血管影响令人惊讶，并表明肺部系统内发生的事件可能会级联到其他身体系统。这些研究强调了肺防御机制在防止吸入有毒物质方面的关键作用。他们还强调了肺作为大气颗粒物污染靶器官的重要性，以及了解破坏肺防御系统的机制的必要性，以便管理大气暴露于ENM的任何风险和危害。