Does chronotype modify the relationship between sleep and BMI in adolescents?

睡眠时间类型是否会改变青少年睡眠与体重指数之间的关系？

• 批准号: 8718600
• 负责人: Susan Kohl Malone
• 金额: $ 4.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8718600
• 关键词: 19 year old; Absenteeism; Accident and Emergency department; Administrator; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Area; Athletic; Behavior; Behavioral; Body mass index; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythms; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Coupled; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Diagnosis; Diet Habits; Direct Costs; Eating; Education; Emotional; Endocrine; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Future; Goals; Health; Health Care Costs; Health Promotion; Hispanics; Hospitalization; Hour; Individual; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Lead; Leptin; Light; Lighting; Measures; Medicaid; Melatonin; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Minority; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nurses; Obesity; Observational Study; Outcome; Outpatients; Overweight; Parents; Pathway interactions; Phase; Physical activity; Physicians; Play; Policies; Puberty; Quality of life; Race; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Rewards; Risk; Role; Schedule; School Nursing; School Teachers; Schools; Scientist; Services; Sleep; Specific qualifier value; Staging; Strategic Planning; Students; Technology; Time; Tobacco use; Variant; Visit; Youth; burden of illness; circadian pacemaker; clinical practice; clinically significant; cost; design; development policy; disorder prevention; fast food; health disparity; health related quality of life; high school; ninth grade; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; physical conditioning; prevent; primary care setting; programs; public health relevance; screening; sex; social; socioeconomics; soft drink; stem; teacher; tenth grade; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reversing and/or preventing obesity during adolescence yields significant cardio-metabolic rewards. Yet, 90% of obese adolescents become obese adults. This highlights the difficulty in reversing obesity once onset occurs. Additionally, progress in preventing childhood obesity has been slow. Despite promising trends, the widening gulf between minorities and lower socio-economic youth and their non-minority, more affluent counterparts threatens our ability to reduce health disparities in the future. Targeting adolescents for obesity prevention holds great promise for stemming high obesity rates. Theoretical, experimental, and epidemiological support for an association between sleep and obesity exists. However, not all short sleepers are overweight/obese and vice versa and extant studies report inconsistent findings. This observational study in a lower socio-economic racially diverse school district in NJ seeks to explore whether chronotype modifies the association between short sleep and obesity in adolescents. This study will be one of the first to explore this association. It will involve collaborative efforts with school nurses, physicians, heath teachers, school district administrators, the parent teacher association, and the community at large, thus exemplifying a strong community partnership. It exemplifies how future nurse scientists may lead the way in providing evidence for bio-behavioral approaches to preventing/reversing obesity in adolescents. This proposal is consistent with the applicant's long-term goal to explore chronobiological factors impacting adolescent obesity and sleep and to establish a program of interdisciplinary research aimed at preventing/reducing childhood obesity and current/future health disparities. Findings from this study will influence policy and clinical practice. Sensitivity of adolescent circadian rhythms to evening light exposure increases the propensity for later chronotypes. Therefore, urban planning and development policies should seek to limit the exposure to light at night by adolescents. Street lighting, field lighting, and community signage should be limited and/or designed to emit lux below a specified threshold in specified areas. School and community athletic policies limiting high school games/practices during late evening hours in lit athletic fields/gymnasiums will also be warranted. Parent/student education coupled with effective strategies for limiting nighttime exposure from light emitting technology will also be important. Screening for late chronotype throughout adolescence will identify those at greatest risk for deleterious metabolic effects. Interventions such as parentally enforced bedtimes, morning light exposure, and support for later high school start times will help maintain circadian alignment limiting deleterious health effects, such as increased BMI, in adolescents with late chronotypes.

描述（由申请人提供）：在青春期逆转和/或预防肥胖会产生显著的心脏代谢回报。然而，90%的肥胖青少年成为肥胖的成年人。这凸显了肥胖一旦发生逆转的困难。此外，预防儿童肥胖的进展缓慢。尽管趋势令人鼓舞，但少数群体和社会经济地位较低的青年与非少数群体、较富裕的青年之间日益扩大的鸿沟威胁着我们今后缩小健康差距的能力。针对青少年进行肥胖预防，有望遏制高肥胖率。理论、实验和流行病学都支持睡眠和肥胖之间存在关联。然而，并非所有短睡眠者都超重/肥胖，反之亦然，现有研究报告的结果也不一致。这项观察性研究在新泽西州一个低社会经济种族多样化的学区进行，旨在探索时间类型是否会改变青少年短睡眠和肥胖之间的关系。这项研究将是第一个探索这种联系的研究之一。它将涉及与学校护士、医生、保健教师、学区行政人员、家长教师协会和整个社区的合作努力，从而成为强有力的社区伙伴关系的典范。它举例说明了未来的护士科学家如何在为预防/逆转青少年肥胖的生物行为方法提供证据方面发挥领导作用。该提案符合申请人的长期目标，即探索影响青少年肥胖和睡眠的时间生物学因素，并建立一个旨在预防/减少儿童肥胖和当前/未来健康差距的跨学科研究项目。本研究结果将影响政策和临床实践。青少年的昼夜节律对夜间光照的敏感性增加了他们形成晚时型的倾向。因此，城市规划和发展政策应设法限制青少年夜间的光照。街道照明、野外照明和社区标识应限制和/或设计出低于指定区域规定阈值的勒克斯。学校和社区的体育政策也将限制高中比赛/练习在深夜时分在点燃的运动场地/体育馆。家长/学生教育加上限制夜间接触发光技术的有效策略也很重要。对整个青春期的晚时型进行筛查，将识别出那些最容易受到有害代谢影响的人。比如父母的干预