Self-Affirmation and Responses to Smoking Risk Messages among African Americans

非裔美国人的自我肯定和对吸烟风险信息的反应

• 批准号: 8756319
• 负责人: Xiaoli Nan
• 金额: $ 19.43万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-08 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8756319
• 关键词: Address; African American; Anger; Attitude; Basic Behavioral Science; Cigarette; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Consumption; Development; Disease; Effectiveness; Exposure to; Health; Health Educators; Image; Implicit Association Test; Individual; Knowledge; Label; Laboratories; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Nature; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Patient Self-Report; Process; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Risk; Role; Science; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Stream; Testing; Thinking; Tobacco; Translations; United States; Woman; base; cigarette warning label; health disparity; high risk; innovation; insight; men; novel; psychologic; public health relevance; racial and ethnic disparities; randomized trial; response; smoking cessation; theories; tobacco control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching purpose of the proposed research is to harness new developments in psychological and communication sciences to address a key obstacle in communication-based smoking cessation efforts - the tendency for smokers to react defensively toward smoking risk information - and apply relevant knowledge to the promotion of smoking cessation among African American smokers. The proposed project seeks to evaluate an innovative approach based on self-affirmation theory to suppressing smokers' defensive processing of smoking risk information in a laboratory-based randomized trial involving African American smokers. Specifically, this project aims to 1) determine whether self-affirmation (vs. no self-affirmation) reduces defensive responses toward graphic cigarette warning labels; 2) ascertain whether self-affirmation (vs. no self- affirmation) leads to more negative explicit and implicit attitudes toward smoking, greater intentions to quit, and reduced cigarette consumption following exposure to graphic cigarette warning labels; and 3) investigate whether smoking identity moderates the effects of self-affirmation. The proposed project addresses a major public health concern as well as significant tobacco-related health disparities. This study will advance scientific knowledge on self-affirmation as a mechanism for reducing smokers' defensive processing of smoking risk messages. The findings will be directly relevant to the translation of the basic behavioral science underlying smoking risk communication into enhanced smoking cessation approaches. If self-affirmation functions as expected in the proposed randomized trial, a self-affirmation task can be easily implemented in communication-based smoking cessation interventions to enhance the outcomes. The proposed study will also provide direct evidence relevant to the ongoing public health debate concerning the effectiveness of graphic warning labels as a means of communicating smoking risks in the United States.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的首要目的是利用心理学和传播科学的新发展来解决基于传播的戒烟努力中的一个关键障碍-吸烟者对吸烟风险信息做出防御性反应的趋势-并将相关知识应用于促进非裔美国人吸烟者戒烟。拟议的项目旨在评估一种基于自我肯定理论的创新方法，以抑制吸烟者在实验室随机试验中对吸烟风险信息的防御性处理，该试验涉及非裔美国人吸烟者。具体来说，这个项目旨在1）确定自我肯定是否（与没有自我肯定相比）减少了对图形香烟警告标签的防御反应; 2）确定自我肯定是否（与没有自我肯定相比）导致对吸烟的更消极的显性和隐性态度，更大的戒烟意图，以及在接触图形香烟警告标签后减少香烟消费;以及3）调查吸烟身份是否会调节自我肯定的影响。拟议的项目涉及一个重大的公共卫生问题以及与烟草有关的重大健康差距。这项研究将推进自我肯定作为减少吸烟者对吸烟风险信息的防御性处理机制的科学知识。这些发现将直接关系到将吸烟风险沟通的基本行为科学转化为增强戒烟方法。如果自我肯定功能如预期在拟议的随机试验中，自我肯定任务可以很容易地实施基于沟通的戒烟干预，以提高结果。这项拟议的研究还将提供与正在进行的公共卫生辩论有关的直接证据，该辩论涉及图形警告标签作为美国传达吸烟风险的一种手段的有效性。