Long-term Effects of the ACTIVE Training Program on Control Beliefs and Cognition

描述(由申请人提供)：这项建议是对PA-10-139《老龄化社会和行为数据集二级分析》(R03)的回应，并寻求支持分析作为独立和有活力的老年人高级认知培训(积极)研究的一部分而收集的公开数据。这项拟议的研究旨在研究控制信念的两个方面--智力自我效能和对智力老化的担忧(通过智力老化背景下的个性问卷来衡量)--与积极研究背景下10年期间的认知之间的关系。对于目标1，我们将考察智力自我效能感和对智力老化的关注的发展轨迹。到目前为止，很少有研究考察在较长的时间范围内与年龄相关的控制信念的变化；这类研究受到样本量小或后续评估很少的进一步限制。在目标1中，我们还将研究这些轨迹是否受到个人差异特征(例如，年龄、性别、族裔/种族、教育)的影响。假设更强的控制感有利于认知功能，了解信仰如何随着人口因素的变化而变化，有助于针对特定人群进行干预。虽然信念可以影响认知表现，但同样可信的是，认知表现影响信念。对于目标2，我们将研究智力自我效能感的轨迹与对智力老化的关注和随着时间的推移认知表现之间的相互关联。对于目标3，我们将研究(在目标1和2中建立的)关系作为参与主动认知训练计划(相对于非接触控制)的功能的不同之处。Active为研究这些关系提供了一个独特的背景，原因包括：1)居住在社区的不同老年人的大样本；2)认知能力的多项测量；3)随机到三种认知干预之一(记忆、推理、处理速度)或非接触控制组；以及4)长时间的跟踪。我们已经从这些纵向数据中学到了很多关于认知能力在以后生活中的可塑性的知识。这项拟议的研究结果将促进我们理解个人控制和认知之间的时间关联，以及个人控制信念和对智力老化的态度的差异如何影响短期和长期的训练收益。这一发现对进一步开发和传播预防性干预措施以促进老龄化人口的认知健康具有重要意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is in response to PA-10-139 Secondary Analyses of Social and Behavioral Datasets in Aging (R03) and seeks support to analyze publicly available data collected as part of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study. The proposed research intends to examine the relationship between two facets of control beliefs-Intellectual Self-efficacy and Concern about Intellectual Aging (as measured by the Personality in Intellectual Aging Contexts Inventory)-and cognition over a 10- year period within the context of the ACTIVE study. For Aim 1, we will examine the developmental trajectories of Intellectual Self-efficacy and Concern about Intellectual Aging. To date, few studies have examined age-related changes in control beliefs over an extended time frame; such studies have been further limited by small sample sizes or few follow-up assessments. In Aim 1, we also will examine whether these trajectories are influenced by individual difference characteristics (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity/race, education). Assuming that a stronger sense of control is beneficial for cognitive functioning, understanding how beliefs vary with demographic factors can help target interventions to specific populations. Although beliefs can influence cognitive performance, it is equally plausible that cognitive performance influences beliefs. For Aim 2, we will examine the reciprocal associations between trajectories of Intellectual Self- efficacy and Concern about Intellectual Aging and cognitive performance over time. For Aim 3, we will examine how the relationships (established in Aims 1 and 2), differ as a function of participation in the ACTIVE cognitive training program (relative to no-contact controls). ACTIVE presents a unique context to investigate these relationships for several reasons, including: 1) a large sample of diverse, community-dwelling older adults; 2) multiple measures of cognitive abilities; 3) randomization to one of three cognitive interventions (memory, reasoning, speed of processing) or to a no-contact control group; and 4) long duration of follow-up. We have already learned much from these longitudinal data about the plasticity of cognitive abilities in later life. The findings of the proposed study will advance our understandin of the temporal associations between personal control and cognition over a 10-year period, as well as how individual differences in control beliefs and attitudes toward intellectual aging impac immediate and long- term training gains. The findings have major implications for further development and dissemination of preventative interventions to promote cognitive health in an aging population.