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Investigating how bottom-up and top-down processes relate to alcohol use disorder

研究自下而上和自上而下的过程与酒精使用障碍的关系

基本信息

批准号：
8688739
负责人：
Jarrod Martin Ellingson
金额：
$ 3.42万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-06-17 至 2015-06-16
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8688739
关键词：
Accounting Address Adolescent Adult Age Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohols Cessation of life Communities Complex Data Data Set Development Environmental Risk Factor Esthesia Genetic Genetic Markers Genetic Research Health behavior Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Intervention Investigation Literature Measures Modeling Neurosciences Outcome Paper Patient Self-Report Personality Prevention approach Preventive Intervention Process Questionnaires Registries Research Research Personnel Rewards Risk Risk Factors Sampling Structure Symptoms Testing Theoretical model Training Translating Twin Multiple Birth Work alcohol involvement alcohol reward alcohol use disorder base cost effective intervention emerging adulthood experience high risk novel public health relevance skills statistics therapy development trait university student

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary objective of this project is to elucidate how bottom-up (e.g., urges for alcohol's reinforcing effects) and top-down (e.g., the ability to control urges for rewarding/thrilling sensations) processes are related to problematic alcohol use at the phenotypic, latent genetic and environmental, and genotypic levels. Specific Aims There are two primary research aims of this project. The first aim is to investigate whether bottom-up and top- down processes account for common mechanisms of risk for problematic alcohol use. Two analytic approaches will be used to address this aim: 1) analyses will investigate the degree to which these processes account for common phenotypic, latent genetic, or latent environmental variance in alcohol outcomes, and 2) a [pilot investigation will examine] whether there are genetic markers associated with bottom-up and/or top-down processes that are also associated with problematic alcohol use. The second aim is to investigate whether there are interaction effects between these processes that explain problematic alcohol use at the phenotypic and latent genetic levels. Analytic approaches addressing this aim will investigate whether top-down (i.e., control-based) processes moderate the relationship between bottom-up (i.e., urge-based) processes and alcohol outcomes [and whether genetic factors account for that moderation effect]. Analyses will be conducted in two datasets, a multiwave dataset of adults (followed from ages 18 to 35) that includes genotypic data and a national community-based twin registry of adults (mean age=37). Significance The results from this project offer to provide important foundational work for translating basic personality and genetic research to applied contexts. For example, some interventions for alcohol use disorder attempt to specifically target bottom-up or top-down processes, and findings from the current project may facilitate the development of effective interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的主要目标是阐明自下而上（例如，对酒精的强化作用的渴望）和自上而下（例如，控制对奖励/兴奋感觉的渴望的能力）的过程如何在表型、潜在遗传和环境以及基因型水平上与有问题的酒精使用相关。这个项目有两个主要的研究目的。第一个目的是调查自下而上和自上而下的过程是否解释了有问题的酒精使用风险的共同机制。将使用两种分析方法来实现这一目标：1)分析将调查这些过程在多大程度上解释酒精结果中常见的表型、潜在遗传或潜在环境差异；2)[试点调查将检查]是否存在与自下而上和/或自上而下过程相关的遗传标记，这些过程也与酒精使用问题有关。第二个目的是研究这些过程之间是否存在相互作用，在表型和潜在遗传水平上解释有问题的酒精使用。针对这一目标的分析方法将调查自上而下（即基于控制的）过程是否调节自下而上（即基于冲动的）过程与酒精结果之间的关系[以及遗传因素是否解释了这种调节作用]。将对两个数据集进行分析，一个是成年人的多波数据集（从18岁到35岁），其中包括基因型数据，另一个是国家社区的成人双胞胎登记处（平均年龄=37岁）。本项目的研究结果为人格与基因基础研究的应用提供了重要的基础工作。例如，一些酒精使用障碍的干预措施试图专门针对自下而上或自上而下的过程，目前项目的研究结果可能有助于制定有效的干预措施。