Purinergic neurotransmission in the gut

肠道内的嘌呤能神经传递

• 批准号: 8446304
• 负责人: James J. Galligan
• 金额: $ 27.89万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8446304
• 关键词: Acetylcholine; Afferent Neurons; Antibodies; Anus; Autonomic nervous system; Biological; Blood flow; Cell physiology; Cells; Chemicals; Chronic; Code; Colon; Complex; Constipation; Data; Disease; Drug usage; Elements; Enteral; Enteric Nervous System; Functional disorder; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal tract structure; In Vitro; Interneurons; Ion Channel; Knockout Mice; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Muscle relaxation phase; Mutant Strains Mice; Myenteric Plexus; Nerve; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Nitric Oxide; Nucleotides; Oral; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Population; Potassium Channel; Property; Reflex action; Relaxation; Role; Smooth Muscle; Smooth Muscle Myocytes; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Testing; Visceral pain; cell motility; common treatment; gastrointestinal; in vivo; insight; large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels; motility disorder; motor control; nerve supply; neural circuit; neurochemistry; neuromuscular transmission; neurotransmission; neurotransmitter release; postsynaptic; presynaptic; receptor; selective expression

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the division of the autonomic nervous system that resides within the gut wall. The ENS controls gastrointestinal (GI) motility, secretion and local blood flow. The ENS can perform these complex functions because it contains all the neuronal elements (sensory neurons, interneurons and motorneurons) required for GI reflexes and integration. The ENS contains 14 different types of neurons that release different neurotransmitters. There are also multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter. In addition, synapses in the ENS may be coded by the neurotransmitters released from presynaptic nerve terminals and by receptors expressed by postsynaptic cells. The proposed studies will use intracellular electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological methods to study enteric neuromuscular transmission. There are 3 specific aims in this proposal. Specific aim 1 will test the hypothesis that there are two separate populations of inhibitory nerves supplying the muscle layers. One subset uses nitric oxide (NO) as the primary neurotransmitter while the second population is purinergic (ATP and/or b-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are the neurotransmitters). These studies will show that release of ATP/b-NAD and NO from nerve terminals is controlled by different Ca2+ channel types. An antibody against the vesicular nucleotide (VNUT) antibody will be used to localize purinergic nerves. These studies will also make use of P/Q type and R-type Ca2+ channel mutant mice. Specific aim 2 will focus on Ca2+ channels expressed by interneurons in the myenteric plexus. Interneurons which project in an oral-anal direction release acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP as fast synaptic transmitters, while neurons that project in an anal-oral direction release ACh. These studies will test the hypothesis that R-, N- and P/Q type Ca2+ channels are expressed by neurons in the orally-projecting pathway while only N- and P/Q type Ca2+ channels are expressed by nerve terminals in the anally-projecting pathway. These studies will also use wild type and P/Q-type and R-type Ca2+ channel mutant mice. Specific aim 3 will focus on K+ channels as regulators of gut smooth muscle tone and neuromuscular transmission in the colon. These studies will make use of a b1 subunit of the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel knockout mouse. Significance: Disturbances in enteric synaptic mechanisms contribute to GI motility disorders. Changes in the function of enteric neurons and their synapses might also contribute to visceral pain. Therefore, a more complete understanding of enteric neural circuits and synaptic transmission would provide insights into the pathophysiology of GI motility disorders. This information would help to develop new drug treatments for common motility disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：肠神经系统（ENS）是位于肠壁内的自主神经系统的一部分。 ENS 控制胃肠 (GI) 运动、分泌和局部血流。 ENS 可以执行这些复杂的功能，因为它包含胃肠道反射和整合所需的所有神经元元件（感觉神经元、中间神经元和运动神经元）。 ENS 包含 14 种不同类型的神经元，可释放不同的神经递质。每种神经递质也有多种受体。此外，ENS 中的突触可能由突触前神经末梢释放的神经递质和突触后细胞表达的受体编码。拟议的研究将使用细胞内电生理学、免疫组织化学和分子生物学方法来研究肠神经肌肉传递。该提案有 3 个具体目标。具体目标 1 将检验以下假设：有两个独立的抑制神经群为肌肉层提供信号。其中一个子集使用一氧化氮 (NO) 作为主要神经递质，而第二个子集则使用嘌呤能（ATP 和/或 b-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸是神经递质）。这些研究将表明，神经末梢 ATP/b-NAD 和 NO 的释放是由不同的 Ca2+ 通道类型控制的。针对囊泡核苷酸 (VNUT) 抗体的抗体将用于定位嘌呤能神经。这些研究还将利用 P/Q 型和 R 型 Ca2+ 通道突变小鼠。具体目标 2 将重点关注肌间神经丛中中间神经元表达的 Ca2+ 通道。向口腔-肛门方向投射的中间神经元释放乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 和 ATP 作为快速突触递质，而向肛门-口腔方向投射的神经元释放乙酰胆碱 (ACh)。这些研究将检验以下假设：口腔投射通路中的神经元表达 R-、N- 和 P/Q 型 Ca2+ 通道，而肛门投射通路中的神经末梢仅表达 N- 和 P/Q 型 Ca2+ 通道。这些研究还将使用野生型以及 P/Q 型和 R 型 Ca2+ 通道突变小鼠。具体目标 3 将重点关注 K+ 通道作为肠道平滑肌张力和结肠神经肌肉传递的调节剂。这些研究将利用大电导 Ca2+ 激活 K+ (BK) 通道敲除小鼠的 b1 亚基。意义：肠突触机制的紊乱会导致胃肠道运动障碍。肠神经元及其突触功能的变化也可能导致内脏疼痛。因此，对肠神经回路和突触传递的更全面的了解将为了解胃肠道运动障碍的病理生理学提供见解。这些信息将有助于开发针对常见运动障碍的新药物治疗方法。