Early-Life Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Externalizing Behaviors in Youth

早年接触城市空气污染和青少年的外化行为

• 批准号: 8831520
• 负责人: Diana B Younan
• 金额: $ 3.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8831520
• 关键词: 20 year old; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adverse effects; Affect; Aggressive behavior; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; California; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Child Behavior; Child Behavior Checklist; Child health care; Childhood; Cigarette; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Demographic Aging; Development; Diagnosis; Dizygotic Twins; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Studies; Equation; Event; Experimental Animal Model; Exposure to; Family; Gender; Genetic; Goals; Grouping; Growth; Health; Health Professional; Human; Individual; Information Sciences; International; Interview; Knowledge; Life; Link; Literature; Location; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Neighborhoods; Neurosciences; Parents; Participant; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical environment; Population; Poverty; Predisposition; Psychopathology; Public Health; Questionnaires; Race; Recording of previous events; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Schools; Siblings; Social Environment; Social Interaction; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stress; Target Populations; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; Violence; Work; Youth; aged; antisocial behavior; base; behavioral study; career; cohort; developmental neurotoxicity; early life exposure; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; epidemiologic data; externalizing behavior; gang; high risk; innovation; insight; land use; multidisciplinary; neurobehavior; neurobehavioral; neuropsychiatry; neurotoxic; novel; peer; pollutant; population based; prenatal; prevent; residence; satisfaction; sex; social; stressor; tool; trafficking; trait; urban area; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Approximately half of the world population currently resides in urban areas and over one billion are children who are highly susceptible to environmental adversities. Urban residence is a well-documented risk factor for various mental disorders, including externalizing psychopathologies (EPs) such as aggression. Drastic increases in crime and other antisocial behaviors in urban areas have prompted the WHO to declare violence as a major global public health issue. Genetics are an important cause of EP, but environment also accounts for 50% of its total variance. Previous studies in urban-dwelling populations have primarily focused on the social environments linked to EP, but the potential contribution of physical environments has been overlooked. The project's main objectives are to chart the trajectory of EP in urban-dwelling adolescents, identify a novel environmental contributor to urban mental health, and examine social-chemical interactions. The aims are: 1) to investigate whether traffic air pollutant (AP) exposure predicts aggressive behavior in adolescence and later development of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) during young adulthood; 2) to examine whether traffic APs are more strongly associated with reactive (i.e. impulsive) versus proactive (i.e. planned) aggression; 3) to identify potential interaction effects of APs and social stressors/adversities on aggression. Supported by growing evidence on developmental neurotoxicity of traffic APs and motivated by critical knowledge gaps in the literature, these aims will be addressed using population data and exposure modeling tools from two USC longitudinal studies: the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) Study and the Children's Health Study (CHS). The RFAB includes over 750 twin pairs assessed at multiple time points from 9-10 to 19-20 years of age. Total aggression and trait aggression were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and ASPD was assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The CHS will provide detailed exposure data and spatial modeling tools related to road traffic, the primary source of APs in urban environments. Using geographical information science (GIS) and exposure modeling tools, AP levels will be estimated at residential and school locations. Longitudinal data analyses combining structural equation and mixed-level modeling will be used to examine the hypothesized adverse neurobehavioral effects of traffic APs and their interaction with social stressors. My proposed training plan will advance my knowledge in developmental psychopathology, air pollution exposure assessment, and statistical analyses, which will prepare me for a career as an independent investigator conducting multidisciplinary epidemiologic research on population-based environmental neurosciences. This project addresses the NIEHS goal to understand individual susceptibility across the lifespan to environmental factors. The proposed work will increase understanding of urban mental health linked to AP exposure from early life to adolescence and help in targeting populations that would benefit from preemptive strategies addressing the adverse effects of APs.

 描述（由适用提供）：目前约有一半的世界人口居住在城市地区，超过十亿个儿童非常容易受到环境逆境的影响。城市居住是各种精神障碍的有据可查的危险因素，包括侵略性的心理病理学（EP）。城市地区犯罪和其他反社会行为的急剧增加促使世卫组织宣布暴力为全球的主要公共卫生问题。遗传学是EP的重要原因，但环境也占其总差异的50％。以前在城市居民人群中的研究主要集中在与EP相关的社会环境上，但是物理环境的潜在贡献已被忽略。该项目的主要目的是绘制城市居民青少年中EP的轨迹，确定对城市心理健康的新型环境贡献，并检查社会化学互动。目的是：1）调查交通空气污染物（AP）暴露预测在青少年成年期间的青少年侵略行为以及随后的反社会人格障碍（ASPD）的发展； 2）检查流量AP是否与反应性（冲动）与主动（即计划中的）侵略性更强烈地相关； 3）确定潜在的相互作用效果 APS和社会压力源/逆境的积极性。在越来越多的有关流量AP的发育神经毒性的证据的支持下，以及由文献中的批判知识差距所激发的，这些目标将使用来自两项USC纵向研究的人群数据和暴露模型工具来解决这些目标：反社会行为（RFAB）研究的风险因素（RFAB）研究和儿童健康研究（CHS）。 RFAB包括在9-10至19-20岁的多个时间点评估的750多个双子对。使用儿童行为清单以及反应性和主动的侵略问卷测量了全面的侵略性和特质侵略性，并通过迷你国际神经精神访谈评估了ASPD。 CHS将提供与道路交通有关的详细曝光数据和空间建模工具，道路交通是城市环境中AP的主要来源。使用地理信息科学（GIS）和曝光建模工具，将在居民和学校位置估算AP水平。结合结构方程和混合级建模的纵向数据分析将用于检查交通APS的假设神经行为效应及其与社会压力源的相互作用。我提出的培训计划将促进我在发育心理病理学，空气污染暴露评估和统计分析方面的知识，这将使我为从事基于人群的环境神经科学的多学科流行病学研究的独立研究人员做好准备。该项目针对NIEHS的目标，以了解整个生命周期中对环境因素的敏感性。拟议的工作将增加对与从早期生活到青少年接触的AP暴露有关的城市心理健康的理解，并有助于针对人口，这些人口将受益于解决APS的不良影响的先发制化策略。