Neural mechanisms underlying social recognition of reward

奖励社会认可的神经机制

• 批准号: 8821334
• 负责人: MATTHEW R ROESCH
• 金额: $ 22.05万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8821334
• 关键词: Acquaintances; Address; Affect; Affective; Animals; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Boxing; Brain region; Child; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Dopamine; Electrodes; Emotional; Emotions; Empathy; Frustration; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Intervention; Jealousy; Lead; Learning; Light; Lighting; Mental disorders; Midbrain structure; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Outcome; Output; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Public Health; Rattus; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Rodent; Role; Scanning; Side; Signal Transduction; Social Environment; Solutions; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Training; Ventral Striatum; Work; Workplace; base; clinically relevant; design; dopamine system; dopaminergic neuron; effective therapy; experience; improved; innovation; insight; interest; mental state; neural correlate; neuromechanism; novel; optogenetics; programs; psychopathic personality; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; social; social situation; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recognizing receipt of reward in others guides our daily behavior. For example, children that observe classmates receive reinforcement for good behavior recognize the benefits of such actions. In the work place, observation of colleagues receiving a promotion lets us know that our work has potential payoff. These are all positive associations that alter our own behavior based on receipt of reward in others. It is unknown what brain regions represent this information. One likely candidate is the dopamine (DA) system. We know that DA is released in ventral striatum (VS) when reward is unexpectedly delivered and is critical for reinforcement learning. It might also be critical for recognizing rewards delivered to others, yet this hypothesis has never been tested. Here, in AIM 1, we ask if subsecond DA release is elevated in rats when reward is delivered to a conspecific. However, social observation of reward does not always lead to positive affect. For example, observing your colleague get promoted or receive a bonus instead of you, might lead to jealousy, frustration, and other negative affective states. This "emotion" must reflect a discrepancy between the reward that you expect for yourself and what you actually received. Such signals are referred to as negative prediction errors and are encoded by midbrain DA neurons. It is unknown if this signal is modulated by observation of reward delivered to others. Here, in AIM 2, we will ask if subsecond DA release related to negative predictions errors are modulated by conspecific reward. These are not just interesting questions that would advance our basic understanding of the DA system, but they are clinically relevant because the ability to recognize reward in a conspecific is disrupted in several psychiatric disorders (e.g., autism, psychopathy). To date, we know very little about the neurobiological substrates that control these functions because detailed work in animals at the single-unit and neurotransmitter level has not yet occurred. Here we propose a first step to addressing this issue. We will record subsecond DA release using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in VS, while rats observe reward delivery to a conspecific in cases when they do or do not expect reward for themselves. We will examine differences between cagemates and non-cagemates because 'empathy' studies have suggested that cagemates are more adept at recognizing social cues compared to rats that are unacquainted. If successful, these studies will lead to a host of experiments that would test observational learning and underlying circuits, but as a first step, we must determine if DA signals are necessary and sufficient for behavioral output.

描述（由申请人提供）：认识到他人获得的奖励指导着我们的日常行为。例如，观察同学良好行为而得到强化的孩子认识到这种行为的好处。在工作场所，观察同事升职让我们知道我们的工作有潜在的回报。这些都是积极的关联，会根据收到他人的奖励来改变我们自己的行为。目前尚不清楚哪些大脑区域代表这些信息。一种可能的候选者是多巴胺（DA）系统。我们知道，当奖励意外交付时，DA 会在腹侧纹状体 (VS) 中释放，这对于强化学习至关重要。它对于识别给予他人的奖励也可能至关重要，但这一假设从未得到检验。在这里，在 AIM 1 中，我们询问当奖励传递给同种动物时，大鼠的亚秒级 DA 释放是否会升高。 然而，对奖励的社会观察并不总是会带来积极的影响。例如，看到你的同事代替你升职或获得奖金，可能会导致嫉妒、沮丧和其他负面情感状态。这种“情绪”必须反映出你所期望的回报与你实际收到的回报之间的差异。此类信号被称为负预测误差，由中脑 DA 神经元编码。目前尚不清楚该信号是否是通过观察给予他人的奖励来调节的。在这里，在 AIM 2 中，我们将询问与负面预测错误相关的亚秒级 DA 发布是否受到同种奖励的调节。 这些不仅是有趣的问题，可以增进我们对 DA 系统的基本理解，而且具有临床相关性，因为在几种精神疾病（例如自闭症、精神病）中，识别同种奖励的能力会受到干扰。迄今为止，我们对控制这些功能的神经生物学底物知之甚少，因为尚未在动物中进行单个单元和神经递质水平的详细研究。在这里，我们提出解决这个问题的第一步。我们将在 VS 中使用快速扫描循环伏安法 (FSCV) 记录亚秒级 DA 释放，同时观察大鼠在期望或不期望自己得到奖励的情况下对同种动物的奖励传递。我们将研究笼内老鼠和非笼内老鼠之间的差异，因为“同理心”研究表明，与不熟悉的老鼠相比，笼内老鼠更善于识别社交线索。如果成功，这些研究将导致一系列实验来测试观察学习和底层电路，但作为第一步，我们必须确定 DA 信号对于行为输出是否是必要和充分的。