Neural mechanisms underlying social recognition of reward

奖励社会认可的神经机制

• 批准号: 8821334
• 负责人: MATTHEW R ROESCH
• 金额: $ 22.05万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8821334
• 关键词: Acquaintances; Address; Affect; Affective; Animals; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Boxing; Brain region; Child; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Dopamine; Electrodes; Emotional; Emotions; Empathy; Frustration; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Intervention; Jealousy; Lead; Learning; Light; Lighting; Mental disorders; Midbrain structure; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Outcome; Output; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Public Health; Rattus; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Rodent; Role; Scanning; Side; Signal Transduction; Social Environment; Solutions; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Training; Ventral Striatum; Work; Workplace; base; clinically relevant; design; dopamine system; dopaminergic neuron; effective therapy; experience; improved; innovation; insight; interest; mental state; neural correlate; neuromechanism; novel; optogenetics; programs; psychopathic personality; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; social; social situation; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recognizing receipt of reward in others guides our daily behavior. For example, children that observe classmates receive reinforcement for good behavior recognize the benefits of such actions. In the work place, observation of colleagues receiving a promotion lets us know that our work has potential payoff. These are all positive associations that alter our own behavior based on receipt of reward in others. It is unknown what brain regions represent this information. One likely candidate is the dopamine (DA) system. We know that DA is released in ventral striatum (VS) when reward is unexpectedly delivered and is critical for reinforcement learning. It might also be critical for recognizing rewards delivered to others, yet this hypothesis has never been tested. Here, in AIM 1, we ask if subsecond DA release is elevated in rats when reward is delivered to a conspecific. However, social observation of reward does not always lead to positive affect. For example, observing your colleague get promoted or receive a bonus instead of you, might lead to jealousy, frustration, and other negative affective states. This "emotion" must reflect a discrepancy between the reward that you expect for yourself and what you actually received. Such signals are referred to as negative prediction errors and are encoded by midbrain DA neurons. It is unknown if this signal is modulated by observation of reward delivered to others. Here, in AIM 2, we will ask if subsecond DA release related to negative predictions errors are modulated by conspecific reward. These are not just interesting questions that would advance our basic understanding of the DA system, but they are clinically relevant because the ability to recognize reward in a conspecific is disrupted in several psychiatric disorders (e.g., autism, psychopathy). To date, we know very little about the neurobiological substrates that control these functions because detailed work in animals at the single-unit and neurotransmitter level has not yet occurred. Here we propose a first step to addressing this issue. We will record subsecond DA release using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in VS, while rats observe reward delivery to a conspecific in cases when they do or do not expect reward for themselves. We will examine differences between cagemates and non-cagemates because 'empathy' studies have suggested that cagemates are more adept at recognizing social cues compared to rats that are unacquainted. If successful, these studies will lead to a host of experiments that would test observational learning and underlying circuits, but as a first step, we must determine if DA signals are necessary and sufficient for behavioral output.

描述（由申请人提供）：认识到他人的奖励指导我们的日常行为。例如，观察同学的孩子因为良好的行为而得到强化，认识到这种行为的好处。在工作场所，观察同事获得晋升让我们知道我们的工作有潜在的回报。这些都是积极的联系，它们会改变我们自己的行为，因为我们从他人那里得到了回报。目前尚不清楚大脑的哪些区域代表这些信息。一个可能的候选者是多巴胺（DA）系统。我们知道，DA在腹侧纹状体（VS）中释放，当奖励意外传递时，对强化学习至关重要。它也可能对识别给予他人的奖励至关重要，但这一假设从未得到过验证。在这里，在AIM 1中，我们问，如果亚秒DA释放升高大鼠奖励时，提供给同种。 然而，对奖励的社会观察并不总是导致积极的影响。例如，看到你的同事得到晋升或获得奖金，而不是你，可能会导致嫉妒，沮丧和其他消极的情感状态。这种“情绪”必须反映出你对自己的期望和你实际得到的奖励之间的差异。这种信号被称为负预测误差，由中脑DA神经元编码。目前还不清楚这种信号是否是通过观察传递给他人的奖励来调制的。在这里，在AIM 2中，我们将询问是否与负面预测错误相关的亚秒DA释放受到同种奖励的调制。 这些不仅是有趣的问题，将促进我们对DA系统的基本理解，但它们是临床相关的，因为识别同种奖励的能力在几种精神疾病中被破坏（例如，自闭症、精神病）。到目前为止，我们对控制这些功能的神经生物学底物知之甚少，因为在单个单位和神经递质水平上的动物详细工作尚未发生。在此，我们提出解决这一问题的第一步。我们将记录亚秒DA释放使用快速扫描循环伏安法（FSCV）在VS，而大鼠观察奖励传递到同种的情况下，他们做或不期望奖励自己。我们将研究笼鼠和非笼鼠之间的差异，因为“移情”研究表明，笼鼠比不熟悉的老鼠更善于识别社会线索。如果成功的话，这些研究将导致大量的实验，这些实验将测试观察学习和潜在的回路，但作为第一步，我们必须确定DA信号是否是行为输出所必需和充分的。