Urbanicity, Social Connectedness, and Depression in Older Adults: An Analysis of Two African Countries

老年人的城市化、社会联系和抑郁：对两个非洲国家的分析

• 批准号: 9052920
• 负责人: Dzifa Adjaye-Gbewonyo
• 金额: $ 4.31万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2017-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9052920
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Africa; African; Age; Aging; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Area; Cities; Communities; Complex; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Disadvantaged; Elderly; Environment; Europe; Fertility; General Population; Ghana; Growth; Health; Health Resources; Heart Diseases; Income; Individual; Infection; Intervention; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Expectancy; Link; Literature; Location; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; North America; Older Population; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Policies; Population; Population Density; Population Sizes; Poverty; Prevalence; Psyche structure; Public Health; Quality of life; Research; Risk; Rural; Social Interaction; Social support; Societies; South Africa; Staging; Suicide; Surveys; Techniques; Time; Training; Urbanization; World Health Organization; age group; age related; burden of illness; cohesion; design; disability; experience; geriatric depression; heart disease risk; in utero; interest; mortality; nutrition; prevent; public health relevance; residence; rural area; social; urban area

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Depression is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality and is the primary cause of disability worldwide. Depression accounts for the majority of suicides and also a considerable portion of heart disease. Living in urban settings has been linked to an increased risk of depression and other mental illnesses in numerous studies; however findings have varied and the mechanisms are not well understood. A number of possible contributing factors have been suggested, one being a reduction in social cohesion and social support in urban environments. Older adults are an age group that is more vulnerable to depression, which may be due in part to their greater likelihood of being socially isolated. As the world's population continues to age and with increasing urbanization in low- and middle-income countries, depression is likely to become a growing problem. Using data from African countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), the proposed research therefore seeks to explore the relationship between urbanicity, social connections, and depression among older adults. The study will specifically examine the association between current urban residence and depression and determine whether social cohesion and support explain this association. It will also assess whether urban residence across the life course and at different life stages is associated with depression. Lastly, it will determine whether the relationship between social support and depression varies across urban and rural locations. These aims will be studied through quantitative analyses involving modeling with latent variable and multilevel methods. The proposed research will provide training in advanced analytic techniques and aging-related mental health issues and will support the NIA's Initiative on Global Aging through cross-national research. Results of the study will contribute to understanding the social and contextual determinants of depression in older adults. It will also have important implications for individual and community-level interventions to address late life depression, as well as implications for urban planning policy to promote mental health and for the allocation of mental health resources across urban and rural areas.

 描述（由申请人提供）：抑郁症是全球发病率和死亡率的一个重要因素，也是全世界残疾的主要原因。抑郁症是自杀的主要原因，也是心脏病的很大一部分。生活在城市环境中 许多研究表明，与抑郁症和其他精神疾病的风险增加有关；然而，研究结果各不相同，其机制尚不清楚。人们提出了许多可能的影响因素，其中之一是城市环境中社会凝聚力和社会支持的减少。老年人是一个更容易患抑郁症的年龄段，部分原因可能是他们更容易被社会孤立。随着世界人口持续老龄化以及低收入和中等收入国家城市化程度的不断提高，抑郁症很可能成为一个日益严重的问题。因此，拟议的研究利用参与世界卫生组织（WHO）全球老龄化和成人健康研究（SAGE）的非洲国家的数据，旨在探讨老年人的城市化、社会联系和抑郁之间的关系。该研究将专门研究当前城市居住与抑郁症之间的关联，并确定社会凝聚力和支持是否可以解释这种关联。它还将评估整个生命历程和不同生命阶段的城市居住是否与抑郁症相关。最后，它将确定社会支持与抑郁之间的关系是否因城市和农村地区而异。这些目标将通过涉及潜变量建模和多层次方法的定量分析来研究。拟议的研究将提供先进分析技术和与衰老相关的心理健康问题的培训，并将通过跨国研究支持 NIA 的全球老龄化倡议。该研究的结果将有助于了解老年人抑郁症的社会和背景决定因素。它还将对个人和社区层面解决晚年抑郁症的干预措施产生重要影响，并对促进心理健康的城市规划政策以及城乡地区心理健康资源的分配产生重要影响。