2/3-Social Processes Initiative in Neurobiology of the Schizophrenia(s)

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Among the major mental illnesses of early adulthood, people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) (i.e., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder) exhibit a continuum of impairment in social functioning. Treatment is minimally effective, and impairments tend to persist. Knowledge on the neurobiology of social cognitive (SCog) process impairment will foster therapeutic discovery. At each of our sites, pilot data show that people with SSDs who are among the most socially impaired have a low likelihood of functional recovery and manifest impairment in discrete brain circuits that are known to be involved in the neurobiology of SCog processes in healthy individuals. Leveraging our pilot data, which is consistent across three sites, and the expertise of our group in SSD research related to phenomenology, outcomes, multi-site neuroimaging, and treatment innovation, we propose to use the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) investigational framework in people with SSDs to comprehensively and definitively delineate the neurobiology of SCog process impairment. Our approach will employ advanced structural and functional neuroimaging approaches to identify the neural circuitry (along a continuum from healthy controls to people with SSDs) that predict impairments in SCog processes and concomitant social function. We plan to use advanced neuroimaging and network analysis approaches including: 1) gray matter morphology approaches to map the thickness of the cortex and examine cortical thickness network topology, 2) DTI acquisition and analytic approaches to map white matter circuits in the brain; and 3) fMRI-based approaches to engage these same circuits, including functional connectivity measures to obtain detailed measures of circuit function. We will then use our group's expertise in sophisticated multivariate neuroimaging statistics (partial least squares), to extract dimensional features relating brain structure ->brai function -> behavior and provide a comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of social processes from circuit to behavior across normal and abnormal (SSDs) domains. Our proposal is modeled directly within the RDoC framework; specifically, we are using a Matrix of Analysis as our guiding structure to identify the neurobiology of SCog process constructs from normal controls across the entire schizophrenia spectrum. We anticipate identifying substantially abnormal brain-behavior relationships starting from the level of circuit characterization. The ultimate goal of our collaborative team is to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of social impairments by identifying the underlying neural circuitry and pathophysiology of impaired social function.