Role of ENPP2, immune activation and age on neoantigen response during HCV

ENPP2、免疫激活和年龄对 HCV 期间新抗原反应的作用

• 批准号: 8732052
• 负责人: Donald D Anthony
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: LOUIS STOKES CLEVELAND VA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-10-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8732052
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Age; Aging; Antigens; B-Lymphocyte Subsets; B-Lymphocytes; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Cells; Chronic; Chronic Hepatitis C; Cirrhosis; Data; Dendritic Cells; Dendritic cell activation; Disease; Effectiveness; Excision; FCGR3B gene; Frequencies; Generations; Goals; HCV Liver Disease; HIV Infections; HLA-DR Antigens; Health; Hepatitis A Vaccines; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B Virus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; High Prevalence; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunization; Impairment; Individual; Infection; Interferons; Interleukin-6; Interruption; Kinetics; Lead; Liver diseases; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; Lymphopenia; Lysophospholipids; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Molecular; Morbidity - disease rate; Mus; Natural Killer Cells; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patients; Plasma; Population; Predisposition; Process; Proteome; Role; Source; Staging; T cell response; T-Lymphocyte; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Testing; Tetanus; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Intervention; Vaccines; Veterans; Virus; Virus Diseases; age effect; aged; base; booster vaccine; exhaustion; hepatitis A-B vaccine; immune activation; improved; in vivo; lysophosphatidic acid; novel therapeutics; novel vaccines; pathogen; pathogen exposure; patient population; prophylactic; response; therapeutic target; vaccine response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Chronic HCV infection and associated liver disease are associated with impaired response to HBV/HAV vaccine and greater morbid outcomes upon pathogen exposure, yet strategies to improve these prophylactic vaccine responses are not available. Though effectiveness of HCV therapy will continue to improve, the substantial majority of HCV infected individuals remain untreated, and improving vaccine response will remain an important goal over the coming decade. Effects of HCV on the immune system that may contribute to impaired vaccine response include decreased naive CD4 cell and dendritic cell (DC) subset numbers, skewing of T-, B- and NK-cell subsets, and T cell exhaustion. Additionally, chronic HCV infection and associated liver disease are associated with immune activation (sCD14, LPS, IL-6, HLA-DR+CD38+CD4/8 cells). Emerging evidence, including our data, indicates HCV associated immune activation (CD16+56-NK subset frequency and sCD14) correlates with disease stage and negatively predicts host response to IFN therapy. To identify molecular drivers of immune activation we performed a non-biased comprehensive plasma proteome analysis to determine the correlates of immune activation. Our lead molecule was plasma ENPP2 (autotaxin). ENPP2 was elevated during HCV infection with advanced liver disease, and best correlated with CD4 activation during HCV infection. The product of ENPP2 activity, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), activates T cells, providing a potential pathway amenable to therapeutic interruption. We propose HCV induced immune activation impairs host response to neoantigen (e.g. vaccine and new infectious challenge). Supporting this, during HIV infection where immune activation also exists, our preliminary data indicate higher CD4+HLADR+CD38+ T cell frequency negatively predicts host response to Hepatitis A vaccine, while greater naive CD4+ numbers positively predict response. Recent evidence also indicates markers of immune activation negatively predict HBV vaccine response during HCV infection. Older age is also associated with susceptibility to infection and impaired response to vaccine. The combined effects of aging and chronic HCV infection on the immune system are not yet characterized, but highly significant as this patient population continues to grow. Importantly, we observed that both aging and chronic HCV infection result in higher ENPP2 levels. Therefore ENPP2 may be a common therapeutic target, and an ideal metric in our proposed analyses. With the growing age of the US and VA HCV infected population, and with morbidity (cirrhosis, HCC, impaired therapy response) projected to peak in 2030 primarily in the aged HCV population, we propose that quantifying the combined effects of age and chronic HCV infection on the immune system, and the impact of ENPP2 on the neoantigen response will guide therapeutic strategies. In Aim 1 we will Determine the independent contributions of untreated HCV, immune activation, age, ENPP2 and LPA to neoantigen (hepatitis A/B vaccine) vs. recall antigen (tetanus booster vaccine) response. In Aim 2 we will Determine the effect of ENPP2 inhibition on murine host response to neoantigen in the setting of chronic LCMV infection.

描述（由申请人提供）： 慢性HCV感染和相关的肝脏疾病与HBV/HAV疫苗应答受损和病原体暴露后更严重的病理结果相关，但尚不存在改善这些预防性疫苗应答的策略。尽管HCV治疗的有效性将继续提高，但绝大多数HCV感染者仍未接受治疗，提高疫苗应答仍将是未来十年的重要目标。HCV对免疫系统的影响可能导致疫苗应答受损，包括幼稚CD 4细胞和树突状细胞（DC）亚群数量减少，T-、B-和NK-细胞亚群偏斜，以及T细胞耗竭。此外，慢性HCV感染和相关肝病与免疫活化（sCD 14、LPS、IL-6、HLA-DR+ CD 38 + CD 4/8细胞）相关。新出现的证据，包括我们的数据，表明HCV相关的免疫激活（CD 16 +56-NK亚群频率和sCD 14）与疾病阶段相关，并负面预测宿主对IFN治疗的反应。为了鉴定免疫活化的分子驱动因素，我们进行了无偏倚的综合血浆蛋白质组分析以确定免疫活化的相关性。我们的先导分子是血浆ENPP 2（autotaxin）。ENPP 2在晚期肝病的HCV感染期间升高，并且在HCV感染期间与CD 4活化最相关。ENPP 2活性的产物溶血磷脂酸（LPA）激活T细胞，提供了一种适合于治疗中断的潜在途径。我们提出HCV诱导的免疫激活损害宿主对新抗原（例如疫苗和新的感染性攻击）的应答。支持这一点，在免疫激活也存在的HIV感染期间，我们的初步数据表明较高的CD 4 +HLADR+ CD 38 + T细胞频率负预测宿主对甲型肝炎疫苗的应答，而较大的幼稚CD 4+数量正预测应答。最近的证据还表明，免疫激活标志物在HCV感染期间负性预测HBV疫苗应答。年龄较大也与感染易感性和对疫苗的反应受损有关。衰老和慢性HCV感染对免疫系统的综合影响尚未得到表征，但随着患者人群的持续增长，其影响非常显著。重要的是，我们观察到衰老和慢性HCV感染都会导致更高的ENPP 2水平。因此，ENPP 2可能是一种常见的治疗靶点，也是我们提出的分析中的理想指标。随着美国和VA HCV感染人群年龄的增长，以及预计2030年主要在老年HCV人群中发病率（肝硬化，HCC，治疗反应受损）达到峰值，我们建议量化年龄和慢性HCV感染对免疫系统的综合影响，以及ENPP 2对新抗原反应的影响将指导治疗策略。在目标1中，我们将确定未经治疗的HCV、免疫激活、年龄、ENPP 2和LPA对新抗原（甲型/B型肝炎疫苗）与回忆抗原（破伤风加强疫苗）应答的独立贡献。在目的2中，我们将确定ENPP 2抑制对慢性LCMV感染背景下鼠宿主对新抗原应答的影响。