Negative affect and illicit substance use: The moderating role of self-control

负面情绪和非法药物使用：自我控制的调节作用

• 批准号: 8891932
• 负责人: Konrad Bresin
• 金额: $ 4.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-16 至 2017-08-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8891932
• 关键词: Affect; Aftercare; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; American Psychiatric Association; Behavior; Behavioral; Cocaine; Crime; Development; Disease; Distress; Drops; Drug usage; Emotions; Environment; Family; Friends; Funding; Future; Goals; Health Care Costs; Heroin; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Influentials; Knowledge; Laboratories; Link; Logic; Maintenance; Measures; Mental disorders; Modeling; Monitor; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nicotine; Participant; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Productivity; Protocols documentation; Psychophysiology; Recording of previous events; Relapse; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Role; Route; Sampling; Self-control as a personality trait; Societies; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; Substance of Abuse; Testing; Treatment outcome; United States; Wit; Work; behavior measurement; cognitive control; cognitive training; cost; effective therapy; experience; psychologic; public health relevance; skills; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Substance use disorders are among the most common mental disorders, with approximately 9% of the population experiencing a substance use disorder in a given year. Moreover, it is estimated that substance use disorders cost 559 billion dollars a year in the United States (of which 181 billion is due to illicit substances) dueto lost productivity and costs of health care, crime, and drug enforcement. Unfortunately, the psychological mechanisms that maintain problematic substance use are still poorly understood, as evidenced by poor treatment outcomes for substance use (e.g., high treatment drop-out and high rates of relapse after treatment). Previous theory and research has established a link between the experience of negative affect (NA) and substance use for some substances (e.g., alcohol and nicotine). Yet, this relation has not been explored in illicit substances (e.g., cocain, heroin). Another factor that has been linked to substance use is self-control, with individuals wit poorer self-control being more likely to have problematic levels of substance use. To date, few studies have examined how self-control might moderate the relation between NA and substance use longitudinally. Further, no study has examined the interaction between self-control and NA in the prediction of illicit substance use. I predict that similar to alcohol and nicotine, recent A will predict future illicit substance use, which will be established by Aim 1. Furthermore, I predit that different aspects of self-control will moderate this relation (Aim 2). More specifically, I predict that the ability to detect the need for self-control will not moderate the relation between NA and illicit substance use. This is because identifying the need for self-control is necessary, but not sufficient, for successful self-control. Following this logic, it is predicted that two metods of self-control, adjusting behavior and persisting through temptation, will moderate the NA - illict substance relation, such that individuals with a higher ability to exert self-control will have a weaker relation between NA and illicit substance use compared to individuals with a lower ability to exert self-control. These relations will be established in a sample of individuals with substance use disorders who complete precise laboratory measures assessing different aspects of self-control. Subsequently, the participants will report weekly NA and substance use for four weeks. The results of this study will expand our knowledge of the maintenance factors of illicit substance use. This understanding, in turn, may be used to aid the development of more effective treatments for substance use disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：物质使用障碍是最常见的精神障碍之一，大约 9% 的人口在某一年经历过物质使用障碍。此外，据估计，由于生产力损失以及医疗保健、犯罪和禁毒执法的成本，药物使用障碍在美国每年造成 5590 亿美元的损失（其中 1810 亿美元是由非法药物造成的）。不幸的是，人们对维持有问题的物质使用的心理机制仍然知之甚少，物质使用的治疗结果不佳（例如治疗中途退出率高和治疗后复发率高）就证明了这一点。先前的理论和研究已经建立了负面情绪（NA）体验与某些物质（例如酒精和尼古丁）的物质使用之间的联系。然而，尚未在非法物质（例如可卡因、海洛因）中探索这种关系。与药物使用相关的另一个因素是自我控制，自我控制能力较差的人更有可能出现药物使用问题。迄今为止，很少有研究探讨自我控制如何纵向调节 NA 与物质使用之间的关系。此外，还没有研究检验自我控制和 NA 在预测非法药物使用方面的相互作用。我预测，与酒精和尼古丁类似，最近的 A 将预测未来的非法物质使用，这将由目标 1 建立。此外，我预测自我控制的不同方面将调节这种关系（目标 2）。更具体地说，我预测检测自我控制需求的能力不会调节两者之间的关系 NA 和非法药物的使用。这是因为，对于成功的自我控制来说，识别自我控制的需要是必要的，但还不够。按照这个逻辑，可以预测，调整行为和通过诱惑坚持两种自我控制方法将调节 NA 与非法物质的关系，使得自我控制能力较高的个体与自我控制能力较低的个体相比，NA 与非法物质使用之间的关系较弱。这些关系将在患有药物滥用障碍的个体样本中建立，这些个体完成精确的实验室测量，评估自我控制的不同方面。随后，参与者将在四个星期内每周报告 NA 和物质使用情况。这项研究的结果将扩大我们对非法药物使用维持因素的认识。这种理解反过来可以用来帮助开发更有效的物质使用障碍治疗方法。