Black College Students, Health Disparities & Disease Prevention Practices

黑人大学生的健康差异

• 批准号: 8604921
• 负责人: Jayna Markand Dave
• 金额: $ 22.72万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-25 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8604921
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Age-Years; American; Area; Attitude; Awareness; Bachelor' s Degree; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Body Weight decreased; Chronic Disease; Communication; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes prevention; Diagnosis; Diet; Eating; Emotional; Ethnic Origin; Faculty; Family; Family history of; Friends; Future; Goals; Health; Health Personnel; Health Promotion; Hispanics; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Knowledge; Life Style; Master' s Degree; Network-based; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Not Hispanic or Latino; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Physical activity; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention program; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Religion and Spirituality; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Services; Social Network; Stress; Students; Surveys; Testing; Texas; Time; Universities; behavioral/social science; college; diabetes risk; disorder prevention; early onset; health disparity; high risk; improved; indexing; prevent; programs; protective behavior; public health relevance; response; risk perception; social science research; university student; young adult

Project Summary In 2010, about 25.8 million Americans had diabetes, and 27% of those cases were undiagnosed. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for about 90-95% of diabetes cases; diabetes prevention is a national health objective. T2D disproportionately affects African-Americans (AAs) and Hispanics, compared with non-Hispanic whites. In Texas, 2009 data revealed that 14.4% of AAs had T2D, compared with 9.7% of Hispanics and 8% of Whites. Family history, overweight, and ethnicity are T2D risk factors. Lifestyle modification, including healthy eating, physical activity, and modest weight loss, can prevent T2D. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood can be a time of increased stress, and is associated with increased health risk. Poor diet, obesity and inactivity increase during this time period, particularly among AAs. For those AA students with family history of T2D, this may contribute to the increasing prevalence of T2D diagnosed among younger populations. In 2010, 24% of new T2D cases were in adults 20-39 years of age and 55% were in adults ages 40-59 years. There are over 100 Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs) in the U.S. While HBCUs have significantly contributed to the educational progress of millions of AA students, there is a lack of empirically- driven descriptive and intervention research in health promotion focused on the HBCU populations. Efforts to identify and mitigate health risk behaviors in these students may help in addressing health disparities among AAs. Therefore, we are submitting this R21 application in response to PAR-10-137, addressing Research Area 3: chronic disease prevention. We will assess the social networks of AA students attending a HBCU, with and without T2D risk, and examine the flow of health related behaviors, attitudes, support, and information across the social networks of students. Our goal is to identify whether there are protective mechanisms within these social networks that might help to explain the differences between those students with T2D risk who report lifestyle behaviors that increase risk for early onset T2D, versus those students with T2D risk who practice lifestyle behaviors protective of T2D. We will also investigate whether a social network communication channel at an HBCU is an effective way to promote chronic disease prevention practices and reduce future risk. This proposed study has tremendous public health significance and is the first step in a program of research to develop and test effective social network-based interventions on HBCU campuses to reduce health disparities among this group.

项目摘要 2010年，约有2580万美国人患有糖尿病，其中27%的病例未被诊断。2型 糖尿病（T2 D）约占糖尿病病例的90-95%;糖尿病预防是一项国民健康计划。 objective.与非西班牙裔相比，T2 D不成比例地影响非洲裔美国人（AAs）和西班牙裔美国人 白人在得克萨斯州，2009年的数据显示，14.4%的AA患有T2 D，而西班牙裔为9.7%，西班牙裔为8%。 白人家族史、超重和种族是T2 D的危险因素。改变生活方式，包括健康 饮食、体育活动和适度减肥可以预防T2 D。从青春期到青年期的过渡 成年期可能是压力增加的时期，并与健康风险增加有关。不良饮食，肥胖 在此期间，不活动增加，特别是在AA中。对于那些有家庭的AA学生 T2 D病史，这可能导致在年轻人群中诊断的T2 D患病率增加。 2010年，24%的新发T2 D病例发生在20-39岁的成人中，55%发生在40-59岁的成人中。 美国有100多所历史上的黑人学院或大学（HBCU），而HBCU有 虽然对数百万AA学生的教育进步做出了重大贡献，但缺乏经验- 健康促进的描述性和干预性研究主要集中在HBCU人群。努力 识别和减轻这些学生的健康风险行为可能有助于解决 原子吸收法因此，我们提交此R21申请以响应PAR-10-137，解决研究领域 3：慢性病预防。我们将评估参加HBCU的AA学生的社交网络， 没有T2 D风险，并检查健康相关的行为，态度，支持和信息的流动， 学生的社交网络。我们的目标是确定是否有保护机制， 社交网络，可能有助于解释那些有T2 D风险的学生之间的差异， 生活方式行为增加早发性T2 D的风险，与那些有T2 D风险的学生相比， 生活方式行为对T2 D有保护作用。我们还将调查社交网络沟通渠道是否 是促进慢性病预防实践和降低未来风险的有效途径。这 拟议的研究具有巨大的公共卫生意义，是研究计划的第一步， 在HBCU校园内开发和测试有效的基于社交网络的干预措施，以减少健康差距 在这个群体中。