Processing of repair disfluencies in spoken language

修复口语不连贯的处理

• 批准号: 8884695
• 负责人: Fernanda Ferreira
• 金额: $ 3.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2015-06-01
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8884695
• 关键词: Accounting; Adopted; Adult; Affect; Attention; Behavior; Characteristics; Cognitive; Communication; Communities; Comprehension; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Event-Related Potentials; Eye Movements; Florida; Frequencies; Goals; Health; Individual; Intention; Language; Lead; Linguistics; Measures; Medical; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Outcome; Outcomes Research; Participant; Performance; Play; Process; Production; Property; Resolution; Role; Safety; Services; Shapes; South Carolina; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Therapy; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Stuttering; System; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Treatment outcome; Universities; Visual; Work; base; improved; innovation; instrument; language processing; programs; relating to nervous system; repaired; research study; response; social; speech processing; success; syntax; theories; tool; university student

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Everyday speech is often produced imperfectly, requiring listeners to navigate a stream of input interrupted by disfluencies, and these can affect how spoken language is processed and ultimately interpreted. Disfluencies may impede communication in a wide range of settings, from customer service to medical provision to public safety. Some disfluencies are unproductive, while others, including self-corrections, may play a crucial role in managing and maintaining the communication of information. However, in general, little is known about how self-corrections from healthy adults and individuals with a speech disorder such as stuttering are processed. Two contrasting theoretical approaches to this question are the ambiguity resolution and noisy channel models of disfluency processing. The main aim of this project is to investigate disfluency processing with an innovative, mixed-methods approach using utterances spoken by healthy individuals and people who stutter. The experiments use both naturally generated disfluent speech and constructed examples, and the constructed examples will be elicited from both people who do and do not stutter. The experimental paradigms to be used are the most sophisticated available for examining the online processing of speech: recording eye movements to depicted referents mentioned in spoken utterances (the Visual World Paradigm), and recording Event-Related Potentials in response to specific properties of spoken utterances containing self-corrections. Participants will be healthy college students from the University of South Carolina and the University of South Florida undergraduate communities. The Specific Aims are: (1) To use neural methods and eyetracking to systematically investigate the factors that allow listeners to process self-correction disfluencies in real time; and (2) to further discriminate between the ambiguity resolution and noisy channel models by using speech from speakers with different production systems: people who do and do not stutter. An additional goal is to provide preliminary information about the possibility of assessing therapeutically modified speech using a methodology based on measures of online spoken language processing. The project is highly innovative because of (a) the focus on self-correction disfluencies and the use of online techniques (eyetracking and electrophysiology) to examine how they are processed as they are encountered in real time; (b) the testing of theories which assume that the same tools that are used by comprehenders to process regular utterances are also used to handle self-corrections, avoiding the need for special-purpose mechanisms; and (c) the examination of how speech produced by people who stutter is processed in real-time by healthy adults, which may lead to an implicit, performance-based instrument for assessing the success of therapeutic interventions to treat stuttering.

描述（由申请人提供）：日常讲话往往是不完美的，需要听众导航输入流中断的不流利，这些可以影响 口语是如何被处理并最终被解释的。语言不流利可能会阻碍从客户服务到医疗服务到公共安全等各种环境中的沟通。有些不流利是没有效果的，而其他的，包括自我纠正，可能在管理和维持信息交流方面发挥关键作用。然而，一般来说，很少有人知道健康成年人和患有口吃等言语障碍的人的自我纠正是如何处理的。两个对比的理论方法，这个问题是模糊性的解决方案和嘈杂的渠道模型的不流利处理。该项目的主要目的是使用健康人和口吃者所说的话语，通过创新的混合方法来研究不流利处理。实验使用自然生成的不流利语音和构建的例子，构建的例子将从口吃和不口吃的人中引出。所使用的实验范式是最复杂的可用于检查在线处理的语音：记录眼动所描述的参考提到的口语（视觉世界范式），并记录事件相关电位响应的特定属性的口语包含自我校正。参与者将 成为来自南卡罗来纳州大学和南佛罗里达大学本科生社区的健康大学生。具体目标是：（1）使用神经方法和眼动追踪系统地研究允许听众在真实的时间内处理自我纠正不流利的因素;（2）通过使用来自不同产生系统的说话者的语音，进一步区分模糊解决方案和噪声通道模型：口吃和不口吃的人。另一个目标是提供初步信息的可能性评估治疗修改的语音使用的方法的基础上的措施，在线口语处理。该项目是高度创新的，因为（a）重点是自我纠正不流利和使用在线技术（眼动追踪和电生理学）以检查当它们在真实的时间中遇到时它们是如何被处理的;（B）理论的测试，该理论假设由发音者用来处理规则话语的相同工具也被用来处理自我校正，从而避免了对专用机制的需要;以及（c）检查健康成年人如何实时处理口吃者产生的语音，这可能导致一种隐含的、基于表现的工具，用于评估治疗口吃的治疗干预的成功。