Neurobiology of Language Recovery in Aphasia: Natural History and Treatment-Ind*

描述(申请人提供)：这项临床研究中心(P50)的建议集中在为中风引起的慢性失语症患者提供基于神经成像的语言恢复检查。该中心的目标是汇聚具有共同科学兴趣的临床研究人员的专业知识，并在了解中风导致的语言恢复的认知和神经相关性、语言治疗对这些过程的影响以及语言/大脑恢复的认知和神经因素(生物标记物)方面相互补充。该提案包括三个子项目，分别研究三个语言领域的语言恢复，每个领域的专家都担任PI：子项目1.失语症口语命名恢复的神经生物学，斯瓦蒂·基兰(波士顿大学)和David Caplan(哈佛大学，麻省理工学院)；子项目2.后天书写命名恢复的神经生物学，布伦达·拉普(约翰·霍普金斯大学)；以及子项目3.失语症句子处理恢复的神经生物学，辛西娅·汤普森(西北大学)。结合个人投资机构在这个项目上的专业知识和努力，将使我们能够全面地研究失语症的康复。该方法的核心是一套常见的认知和神经成像测量，包括功能磁共振成像(FMRI)、结构和灌注成像以及扩散张量成像(DTI)，我们将使用这些成像作为工具来识别、监测和评估几个时间点的认知-大脑变化，与治疗应用同时进行，持续一年。跨项目数据将存放到一个集中的神经成像和数据分析核心(核心B)，在那里，由神经成像专家和统计学家组成的专家团队将使用最先进的神经成像采集和分析方法进行分析，该团队由Todd Parnsh(PI；西北大学神经物理学家)领导。这将使我们能够检验旨在改善特定失语症语言缺陷的治疗效果，并回答与语言和大脑变量之间的关系以及慢性失语症治疗诱导恢复与自然恢复之间的关系的问题。这项工作将极大地影响失语症患者的临床干预实践，提供与治疗效果和康复预后相关的重要信息，并有助于了解大脑的可塑性和成人大脑中语言功能的重组。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Clinical Research Center (P50) proposal is focused on providing a neuroimaging-based examination of language recovery in individuals with chronic aphasia resulting from stroke. The goal of the Center is to bring together the expertise of clinical investigators with mutual scientific interest and complementary expertise in understanding the cognitive and neural correlates of stroke-induced language recovery, the effects of language treatment on these processes, and cognitive and neural factors (biomarkers) of language/brain recovery. The proposal includes three subprojects, which examine language recovery in three language domains, with experts in each serving as PI: Subproject 1. The neurobiology of recovery of spoken naming in aphasia, Swathi Kiran (Boston University) and David Caplan (Harvard, MGH); Subproject 2. The neurobiology of recovery of written naming in acquired dysgraphia, Brenda Rapp (Johns Hopkins); and Subproject 3. The neurobiology of recovery of sentence processing in agrammatism, Cynthia Thompson (Northwestern). Combining the expertise and efforts of the PIs on this project will allow us to study aphasia recovery in a comprehensive manner. At the heart of the approach is a common set of cognitive and neuroimaging measures, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), structural and perfusion imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which we will use as tools for identifying, monitoring and evaluating cognitive-brain changes at several time points, coinciding with treatment application and spanning a one-year period. Cross-project data will be deposited into a centralized Neuroimaging and Data Analysis Core (Core B) where they will be analyzed by an expert team of neuroimaging specialists and statisticians, led by Todd Parnsh (PI; neurophysicist at Northwestern), using state-of-the art neuroimaging acquisition and analysis methods. This will allow us to examine the effects of treatment designed to improve specific aphasic language deficits and to answer questions relevant to the relation between language and brain variables and treatment-induced versus natural recovery in chronic aphasia. The work will highly impact clinical intervention practices for individuals with aphasia, providing importan information relevant to the effects of treatment and prognosis for recovery, and contribute to knowledge about brain plasticity and the reorganization of language functions in the adult brain.