Metals in Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

电子烟气溶胶中的金属

• 批准号: 8884572
• 负责人: Prudence Talbot
• 金额: $ 50.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8884572
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Advertisements; Advertising; Aerosols; Affect; Air; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood Circulation; Breathing; Burn injury; Cells; Chemicals; Cigarette; Comet Assay; Coupled; Data; Development; Devices; Electronic cigarette; Electronics; Elements; Embryo; Ensure; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial; Excretory function; Flavoring; Foundations; Future; Goals; Health; Heating; Hepatocyte; High Pressure Liquid Chromatography; Human; Knowledge; Liquid substance; Lung; Manufacturer Name; Measures; Metal exposure; Metals; Microscopy; Modeling; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Plasma; Policies; Property; Propylene Glycols; Public Health; Quality Control; Regulation; Research; Risk; Safety; Sales; Saliva; Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Procedures; Science; Smoker; Staging; Structure; Testing; Time; Tissues; Tobacco; Toxic effect; Tracheal Epithelium; Urine; Western Blotting; Work; X ray spectroscopy; absorption; airway epithelium; base; blastomere structure; chelation; cigarette smoking; cytotoxic; cytotoxicity; design; genotoxicity; human embryonic stem cell; in vivo; nanoparticle; novel; optical emission spectroscopy; particle; prenatal; research study; response; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Because electronic cigarettes deliver nicotine without burning tobacco, they may offer a valuable alternative for smokers who cannot break their nicotine addiction. However, little is known about electronic cigarette emissions or the health problems they produce. Our long-term objectives are to understand how electronic cigarettes affect human health and to contribute to the scientific foundation that will be used to establish rational policies for regulating the manufacture, advertisement, and sale of electronic cigarettes. Our Preliminary Data demonstrate high concentrations of metals and metal nanoparticles in aerosol from a leading brand of electronic cigarette. The goal of the proposed research is to identify and quantify the metal content of electronic cigarette aerosols from a broad spectrum of products and designs, to examine the cytoxicity and genotoxicity of aerosols with metal content, and to examine biomarkers of metal exposure and effect in human electronic cigarette users. In our first Specific Aim, we will identify and quantify metals in electronic cigarettes from various brands and styles and determine how metal concentrations correlate with electronic cigarette design. Metal quantification will be done using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Characterization of particle structure and size will be done using scanning and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to identify elements. Metal concentrations in aerosol will be examined as a function of puffing topology. In the second Specific Aim, we will determine if aerosols with metals produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human cells using the MTT and comet assays, in combination with a novel liver cell metabolizing assay. Human embryonic stem cells will be used to model an early stage of prenatal development and three dimensional human bronchial/epithelial tissue exposed at an air-liquid interface will be used to model human lung exposure. In Aims 1 and 2, metals in electronic cigarettes will be compared to metals in three popular brands of combustible cigarettes. In Aim #3, we will use metal biomarkers to quantify metal exposure and effect in humans who use electronic cigarettes, determine if metal uptake by cells includes nanoparticles, and determine whether metals migrate to the bloodstream and are excreted in the urine. Our project will generate new data on: (1) the metal content of electronic cigarette aerosols across a broad spectrum of evolving products, (2) the cyto/genotoxicity of the metals in electronic cigarette aerosols, (3) the sensitivity of embryonic and differentiated adult lung cells to electronic cigarette aerosol metals, and (4) the absorption, excretion, and the biological effects of metals in human electronic cigarette users. These data, the first of their kind, will contribute to a foundation of science upon which the FDA can develop regulatory policies to protect consumers' health and minimize future public health problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：由于电子烟无需燃烧烟草即可输送尼古丁，因此它们可以为无法戒除尼古丁成瘾的吸烟者提供有价值的替代品。然而，人们对电子烟的排放物或其产生的健康问题知之甚少。我们的长期目标是了解电子烟如何影响人类健康，并为制定合理的政策来规范电子烟的制造、广告和销售奠定科学基础。 我们的初步数据表明，领先品牌电子烟的气溶胶中含有高浓度的金属和金属纳米颗粒。拟议研究的目标是从广泛的产品和设计中识别和量化电子烟气溶胶的金属含量，检查金属含量气溶胶的细胞毒性和遗传毒性，并检查人类电子烟使用者的金属暴露和影响的生物标志物。在我们的第一个具体目标中，我们将识别和量化不同品牌和款式的电子烟中的金属，并确定金属浓度与电子烟设计的关系。金属定量将使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP-OES) 进行。将使用扫描和透射电子显微镜以及能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDS) 来表征颗粒结构和尺寸，以识别元素。气溶胶中的金属浓度将作为抽吸拓扑的函数进行检查。在第二个具体目标中，我们将使用 MTT 和彗星测定并结合新型肝细胞代谢测定来确定含金属的气溶胶是否会对人体细胞产生细胞毒性和基因毒性作用。人类胚胎干细胞将用于模拟产前发育的早期阶段，暴露在气液界面的三维人类支气管/上皮组织将用于模拟人类肺部暴露。在目标 1 和 2 中，电子烟中的金属将与三个流行品牌的可燃香烟中的金属进行比较。在目标#3中，我们将使用金属生物标志物来量化使用电子烟的人类的金属暴露和影响，确定细胞吸收的金属是否包括纳米颗粒，并确定金属是否迁移到血液中并在尿液中排出。我们的项目将生成以下方面的新数据：（1）各种不断发展的产品中电子烟气溶胶的金属含量，（2）电子烟气溶胶中金属的细胞/基因毒性，（3）胚胎和分化的成体肺细胞对电子烟气溶胶金属的敏感性，以及（4）吸收， 排泄以及金属对人类电子烟使用者的生物效应。这些数据是此类数据中的首例，将有助于奠定科学基础，FDA 可以在此基础上制定监管政策，以保护消费者的健康并最大限度地减少未来的公共卫生问题。