Human Body Composition Core

人体成分核心

• 批准号: 8639521
• 负责人: DYMPNA GALLAGHER
• 金额: $ 20.65万
• 依托单位: ST. LUKE'S-ROOSEVELT INST FOR HLTH SCIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8639521
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Academic Medical Centers; Adipose tissue; Adult; Animals; Area; Behavior; Biomedical Engineering; Body Composition; Body fat; Bone Marrow; California; Childhood; Collaborations; Consultations; Development; Diet; Doctor of Philosophy; Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry; Dual-Photon Absorptiometries; Eating; Elderly; Electric Conductivity; Endocrine; Energy Metabolism; Engineering; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Growth; Hour; Human; Human body; Image; Image Analysis; Indirect Calorimetry; Infant; Institutes; Institution; Instruction; Kidney; Label; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Magnetic Resonance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Methods; NMR Spectroscopy; Neurobiology; Neurologic; Neutrons; New York; Nitrogen; Obesity; Patients; Pediatric Surgical Procedures; Performance; Persons; Phenotype; Physical activity; Physicians; Population; Postdoctoral Fellow; Psychology; Radiology Specialty; Research; Research Institute; Research Personnel; Resources; San Francisco; Scientist; Services; Students; System; Techniques; Thermogenesis; Universities; Urine; Validation; Water; Weight; Yang; base; body volume; cost; design; hatching; human subject; imaging modality; improved; in vivo; interest; lectures; metropolitan; nitrogen balance; nutrition; photonics; research study; respiratory

During the mid-1970's there were important unanswered questions relating to the efficacy of very low calorie diets in promoting fat loss. Seeking a method to quantify the small changes in total body fat needed to examine these diets, Drs. Mei Yang and Theodore Van Itallie developed the resources needed to perform energy-nitrogen balance studies at SLRHC. Thermogenesis measurements, food composition analyses, and urine and fecal energy-nitrogen content were all evaluated in their now classic experiment designed to examine body composition changes with dieting (Yang & Van Itallie, 1976). The present Core is an outgrowth of these initial efforts. Subsequent studies of thermogenesis, food intake, and physical activity in obese patients required further expansion of the Center's Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Energy Expenditure Laboratories (Pi-Sunyer & Segal, 1986). This growth provided the setting to critically evaluate such new body composition methodologies as total body electrical conductivity (Van Itallie et al, 1985), bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (Segal et al, 1985), dual photon/x-ray absorptiometry (DPA/DXA)(Heymsfield et al, AJCN 1989; Wang et al, AJP 1989), and inelastic neutron scattering (Kehayias et al, 1987). Core scientists developed multicomponent body composition methods that exploit these unique body composition methods (Heymsfield et al, 1991). The Core's scientists extended their efforts to imaging (Gallagher et al, 1998; 2000) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods (Shen 2007), in collaboration with colleagues in the Department of Bio-engineering and Radiology at Columbia University and in the Department of Radiology at SLRHC. Exploration of weight-related performance issues in the elderly and other groups by Drs. Gallagher (Song et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2003), Geliebter et al, (1997), Kotler (Agin et al, 2001; He et al, 2005) and others led to additional advancements in the Core's Human Physical Performance Laboratory. New, more sensitive, methods for quantifying strength and endurance are now available. In the mid-nineties, imaging methods became a central measurement technique for in vivo body composition analysis. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now become a state-of-the-art technique among Core investigators (Yim 2007; Shen 2007; Freda 2008; Gallagher 2009, Ochner & Geliebter, 2010; Ochner, In Press). Recent new phenotyping developments include the validation of a 3-dimensional photonic scanner (Wang 2006) for assessment of body volume and fat suitable for use in very large persons; quantification of bone marrow adipose tissue from whole-body MRI scans (Shen et al, 2007); and validation of the Echo QMR for fat and water in humans (Gallagher 2010) where the precision exceeds that of any other available technique, albeit accuracy needs to be improved. With the introduction of new energy expenditure assessment techniques, the core investigators improved the Core Laboratory's thermogenesis measurement capabilities to include ventilated hood indirect calorimetry and the doubly-labeled water technique (analyzed in the CTSA laboratory). Two respiratory chamber-indirect calorimeter systems for measuring 24-hour energy expenditure, one for humans and the other for animals, were developed with collaborating bioengineers at Columbia. The present Human Body Composition Core thus includes extensive capabilities for studying body composition, physical performance, image analysis, and energy expenditure in humans. These facilities, which serve investigators throughout the metropolitan New York area, are based at SLRHC. Cooperating laboratories include The Magnetic Resonance Research Laboratories of Columbia University which include the Departments of Radiology and Psychology Center for Neurobiology and Behavior /MRI Research Center under the direction of Joy Hirsch, PhD, and The Hatch Research Center and the Biomedical Engineering Imaging Research Center under the direction of Truman Brown, PhD, both located in the Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center. Overall, this state-of-the art human body composition Core provides Center investigators with the potential for extending their in vivo analyses to previously unmeasurable body components and compartments. Over the past five years, the Core presence catalyzed collaborative research in the New York metropolitan area at 6 (SLRHC, CU, Weill Cornell, Rockefeller University, Renal Research Institute of New York) institutions plus 3 outside New York (Pennington, U Southern California, U California San Francisco) with 34 investigators using various Core services (see Section 8).

在20世纪70年代中期，有一些重要的问题没有得到回答， 极低热量饮食在促进脂肪减少方面的功效。为了寻找一种方法来量化检查这些饮食所需的全身脂肪的微小变化，Mei Yang和西奥多货车Itallie博士开发了在SLRHC进行能量-氮平衡研究所需的资源。生热测量、食物成分分析、尿液和粪便能量氮含量都在他们现在的经典实验中进行了评估，该实验旨在检查节食对身体成分的影响（Yang和货车Itallie，1976）。目前的核心是这些初步努力的结果。随后对肥胖患者的产热、食物摄入和体力活动的研究需要进一步扩大该中心的身体成分、体力活动和能量消耗实验室（Pi-Sunyer & Segal，1986）。这种增长为严格评价新的身体组成方法提供了背景，如全身电导率（货车Itallie等人，1985）、生物阻抗分析（BIA）（Segal等人，1985）、双光子/X射线吸收测定法（DPA/DXA）（Heymsfield等人，AJCN 1989; Wang等人，AJP 1989）和非弹性中子散射（Kehayias等人，1987）。核心科学家开发了利用这些独特的身体组成方法的多组分身体组成方法（Heymsfield等人，1991年）。核心的科学家们与哥伦比亚大学生物工程和放射学系以及SLRHC放射学系的同事合作，将他们的努力扩展到成像（Gallagher et al，1998; 2000）和核磁共振光谱方法（Shen 2007）。Gallagher博士（Song et al，2004; Kim et al，2003）、Geliebter et al，（1997）、Kotler（阿金et al，2001; He et al，2005）和其他人对老年人和其他群体中体重相关性能问题的探索导致了核心人体物理性能实验室的额外进步。新的，更敏感的，量化力量和耐力的方法现在可用。在90年代中期，成像方法成为体内身体成分分析的核心测量技术。全身磁共振成像（MRI）现已成为核心研究者的最新技术（Yim 2007; Shen 2007; Freda 2008; Gallagher 2009，Ochner & Geliebter，2010; Ochner，In Press）。最近新的表型发展包括验证三维光子扫描仪（Wang 2006），用于评估适用于体型很大的人的身体体积和脂肪;通过全身MRI扫描定量骨髓脂肪组织（Shen等人，2007）;和Echo QMR的验证 人体脂肪和水的测量（Gallagher 2010），其精度超过任何其他可用技术，尽管准确性需要提高。随着新的能源消耗评估技术的引入，核心研究人员提高了核心实验室的产热测量能力，包括通风罩间接量热法和双标记水技术（在CTSA实验室分析）。哥伦比亚的生物工程师合作开发了两种用于测量24小时能量消耗的呼吸室间接热量计系统，一种用于人类，另一种用于动物。 因此，本人体组成核心包括用于研究人体组成、身体表现、图像分析和能量消耗的广泛能力。这些设施设在SLRHC，为整个纽约大都会地区的调查人员提供服务。合作实验室包括哥伦比亚大学的磁共振研究实验室，其中包括Joy Hirsch博士指导下的放射学和心理学系神经生物学和行为中心/MRI研究中心，以及Truman Brown博士指导下的Hatch研究中心和生物医学工程成像研究中心，两者都位于哥伦比亚大学医学中心的神经学研究所。总体而言，这种最先进的人体成分核心为中心研究人员提供了将其体内分析扩展到以前无法测量的身体成分和隔室的可能性。在过去的五年中，Core的存在促进了纽约大都市区6个机构（SLRHC、CU、Weill Cornell、Rockefeller University、纽约肾脏研究所）以及纽约以外3个机构（彭宁顿、南加州、加州旧金山弗朗西斯科）的合作研究，共有34名研究者使用各种Core服务（见第8节）。