Epidemiology of Parenting and Childhood Obesity

描述（由申请人提供）：肥胖预防工作越来越多地集中在儿童早期。大量证据表明，支持家庭聚餐和充足睡眠的儿童家庭习惯有助于预防肥胖。越来越多的证据表明，积极的父母教育和孩子的自我调节也可能降低肥胖的风险。然而，没有基于人群的研究调查了家庭惯例、父母反应性和儿童自我调节如何共同影响未来的体重状况。目前尚不清楚的是，在父母反应性的背景下，家庭常规是否更有效地预防肥胖，还是常规对预防肥胖的影响是由于儿童更强的自我调节。本应用程序的目的是使用来自两个队列研究的现有数据的流行病学分析-早期儿童纵向研究，出生队列（ECLS-B）和NICHD早期儿童保育和青少年发展研究(SECCYD)-调查父母反应性在多大程度上改变了家庭惯例对儿童肥胖风险的影响，以及自我调节是否提供了解释机制。该研究的核心假设是，围绕睡眠和饮食的家庭惯例，如果在父母反应性的背景下实施，将通过提高儿童的自我调节能力来降低儿童肥胖的风险。本研究的基本原理是通过解决家庭惯例实施的情感环境，并确定自我调节是一种潜在的机制，为改善儿童肥胖预防策略提供基础。该提案有两个具体目标：1)确定父母在儿童早期的反应在多大程度上改变了家庭惯例的影响，以防止后来的肥胖；2)确定自我调节是一种解释惯例和反应如何与肥胖相关的机制。ECLS-B和SECCYD都包括对父母反应性和儿童自我调节的结构化观察，对儿童身高和体重的连续测量，以及对儿童早期家庭日常活动的评估。拟议的流行病学分析将侧重于ECLS-B患者5.5岁时的肥胖和SECCYD患者的青少年肥胖，并评估ECLS-B患者24个月和SECCYD患者54个月时的常规、反应性和自我调节。这种方法是创新的，因为它利用了对现有数据的创造性和成本效益分析，并以发展科学为依据，为新的和更有效的儿童早期肥胖预防干预提供了基础。这项拟议中的研究意义重大，因为所获得的知识有望在预防儿童肥胖的努力中激发创新。这项研究表明，通过增加家庭常规、积极的父母教育和儿童的自我调节来干预肥胖，有望对儿童的行为、认知发展和社会情感功能产生额外的积极影响。提供非肥胖益处的儿童肥胖预防干预措施可能有效地激励和吸引父母。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Obesity prevention efforts are increasingly focused on early childhood. Substantial evidence indicates that household routines for children that support having family meals and obtaining adequate sleep can help prevent obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that responsive parenting and children's self-regulation may also reduce risk for obesity. However, no population-based studies have investigated how household routines, parental responsiveness, and child self-regulation work together to influence future weight status. It is unknown whether household routines are more effective in preventing obesity when they are implemented in the context of parental responsiveness or if the impact of routines on obesity prevention is due to children's greater self- regulation. The objective of this applicationis to use epidemiologic analyses of existing data from two cohort studies-the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), and the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD)-to investigate the extent to which parental responsiveness modifies the impact of household routines on children's risk for obesity and whether self-regulation offers an explanatory mechanism. The central hypothesis is that household routines around sleep and meals, when practiced in the context of parental responsiveness, will reduce children's risk for obesity by increasing their capacity for self- regulation. The rationale for this research is to provide the basis for improving childhood obesity prevention strategies by addressing the emotional context in which household routines are implemented and identifying self-regulation as a potential mechanism. The proposal has two specific aims: 1) to determine the extent to which parental responsiveness in early childhood modifies the impact of household routines to protect against later obesity, and 2) to identify self-regulation as a mechanism explaining how routines and responsiveness are associated with obesity. Both ECLS-B and SECCYD include structured observations of parental responsiveness and children's self-regulation, serial measurements of children's height and weight, and assessment of household routines in early childhood. The proposed epidemiologic analyses will focus on obesity at age 5.5 years in ECLS-B and adolescent obesity in SECCYD, with assessment of routines, responsiveness, and self-regulation at age 24 months in ECLS-B and 54 months in SECCYD. The approach is innovative because it uses creative and cost-efficient analyses of existing data, informed by developmental science, to provide the basis for new and more effective obesity prevention interventions in early childhood. The proposed research is significant because the knowledge gained can be expected to stimulate innovation in efforts to prevent childhood obesity. Obesity interventions, informed by the proposed research, that increase household routines, responsive parenting, and children's self-regulation can be expected to have additional positive impacts on children's behavior, cognitive development, and social-emotional functioning. Childhood obesity prevention interventions that offer non-obesity benefits may effectively motivate and engage parents.