Epidemiology of Parenting and Childhood Obesity

描述（由申请人提供）：肥胖预防工作越来越关注幼儿期。大量证据表明，支持家庭聚餐和获得充足睡眠的儿童家庭生活习惯有助于预防肥胖。新的证据表明，积极的养育方式和儿童的自我调节也可能降低肥胖风险。然而，还没有基于人群的研究调查家庭惯例、父母的反应和儿童的自我调节如何共同影响未来的体重状况。目前尚不清楚，在父母反应的情况下实施家庭日常活动是否能更有效地预防肥胖，或者家庭日常活动对肥胖预防的影响是否是由于儿童更强的自我调节能力。此应用程序的目的是利用对两项队列研究（早期儿童纵向研究、出生队列 (ECLS-B) 和 NICHD 早期儿童保育和青少年发展研究 (SECCYD)）的现有数据进行流行病学分析，以调查父母的反应在多大程度上改变了家庭惯例对儿童肥胖风险的影响，以及自我调节是否提供了解释机制。核心假设是，在父母积极响应的情况下，围绕睡眠和膳食的家庭常规将通过提高儿童的自我调节能力来降低儿童肥胖的风险。这项研究的基本原理是通过解决家庭日常活动的情感背景并将自我调节确定为一种潜在机制，为改善儿童肥胖预防策略提供基础。该提案有两个具体目标：1）确定幼儿时期父母的反应在多大程度上改变了家庭日常生活的影响，以防止以后的肥胖；2）将自我调节确定为解释日常生活和反应如何与肥胖相关的机制。 ECLS-B 和 SECCYD 都包括对父母反应和儿童自我调节的结构化观察、儿童身高和体重的连续测量以及对幼儿期家庭日常生活的评估。拟议的流行病学分析将重点关注 ECLS-B 中的 5.5 岁肥胖和 SECCYD 中的青少年肥胖，并评估 ECLS-B 中的 24 个月大和 SECCYD 中的 54 个月大时的常规、反应性和自我调节能力。该方法具有创新性，因为它在发展科学的指导下，对现有数据进行创造性且具有成本效益的分析，为幼儿期新的、更有效的肥胖预防干预措施提供基础。拟议的研究意义重大，因为所获得的知识有望刺激预防儿童肥胖的努力创新。根据拟议的研究，肥胖干预措施可以增加家庭常规、积极的养育方式和儿童的自我调节，预计将对儿童的行为、认知发展和社会情感功能产生额外的积极影响。提供非肥胖益处的儿童肥胖预防干预措施可以有效地激励和吸引父母。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Obesity prevention efforts are increasingly focused on early childhood. Substantial evidence indicates that household routines for children that support having family meals and obtaining adequate sleep can help prevent obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that responsive parenting and children's self-regulation may also reduce risk for obesity. However, no population-based studies have investigated how household routines, parental responsiveness, and child self-regulation work together to influence future weight status. It is unknown whether household routines are more effective in preventing obesity when they are implemented in the context of parental responsiveness or if the impact of routines on obesity prevention is due to children's greater self- regulation. The objective of this applicationis to use epidemiologic analyses of existing data from two cohort studies-the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), and the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD)-to investigate the extent to which parental responsiveness modifies the impact of household routines on children's risk for obesity and whether self-regulation offers an explanatory mechanism. The central hypothesis is that household routines around sleep and meals, when practiced in the context of parental responsiveness, will reduce children's risk for obesity by increasing their capacity for self- regulation. The rationale for this research is to provide the basis for improving childhood obesity prevention strategies by addressing the emotional context in which household routines are implemented and identifying self-regulation as a potential mechanism. The proposal has two specific aims: 1) to determine the extent to which parental responsiveness in early childhood modifies the impact of household routines to protect against later obesity, and 2) to identify self-regulation as a mechanism explaining how routines and responsiveness are associated with obesity. Both ECLS-B and SECCYD include structured observations of parental responsiveness and children's self-regulation, serial measurements of children's height and weight, and assessment of household routines in early childhood. The proposed epidemiologic analyses will focus on obesity at age 5.5 years in ECLS-B and adolescent obesity in SECCYD, with assessment of routines, responsiveness, and self-regulation at age 24 months in ECLS-B and 54 months in SECCYD. The approach is innovative because it uses creative and cost-efficient analyses of existing data, informed by developmental science, to provide the basis for new and more effective obesity prevention interventions in early childhood. The proposed research is significant because the knowledge gained can be expected to stimulate innovation in efforts to prevent childhood obesity. Obesity interventions, informed by the proposed research, that increase household routines, responsive parenting, and children's self-regulation can be expected to have additional positive impacts on children's behavior, cognitive development, and social-emotional functioning. Childhood obesity prevention interventions that offer non-obesity benefits may effectively motivate and engage parents.