Novel Orally-Available Prodrugs for Alzheimer's Disease

治疗阿尔茨海默病的新型口服前药

• 批准号: 8979556
• 负责人: MICHAEL PETER VITEK
• 金额: $ 22.5万
• 依托单位: COGNOSCI, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8979556
• 关键词: Adverse effects; Affect; African Trypanosomiasis; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; American; Amyloid beta-Protein; Animals; Behavior; Behavioral; Blood; Blood - brain barrier anatomy; Brain; Caco-2 Cells; Caregivers; Cell Line; Cessation of life; Cleaved cell; DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine; Data; Degenerative Disorder; Disease; Dose; Encephalitis; Enzymes; Eye; Glucocorticoid Receptor; Half-Life; High Pressure Liquid Chromatography; Hour; Human; Inflammation; Injection of therapeutic agent; Lead; Learning; Legal patent; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Memory Loss; Memory impairment; Molecular Weight; Mus; N-Methylaspartate; Neurofibrillary Tangles; Neurons; Oral; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitor; Parents; Patients; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plasma; Polyamines; Prodrugs; Production; Proteins; Putrescine; Relative (related person); Reporting; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Route; Senile Plaques; Site; Spermidine; Spermine; Stream; Structure; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Effect; Time; Toxic effect; Vertebral column; aged; alpha synuclein; analog; arginase; base; chemical group; compliance behavior; drinking water; drug development; esterase; excitotoxicity; gastrointestinal; human Huntingtin protein; improved; monolayer; mouse model; neuron loss; neurotoxicity; novel; overexpression; protective effect; public health relevance; research study

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neuro-degenerative disease that affects over 5.5 million aged Americans and their 13 million caregivers. While the exact cause of AD in sporadic patients is unknown, enzymes and proteins that increase in the AD state are logical targets for drug development. Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate- limiting enzyme for the synthesis of polyamines. In addition to ODC itself, levels of polyamines are also significantly increased in AD brains compared to age-matched controls. Polyamines have been associated with increased NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity, decreased inward rectifier activity, and increased aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aß). All of these activities can contribute to neuronal loss in the AD brain. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an irreversible inhibitor of ODC that is off-patent and has been shown to reduce brain levels of polyamines. However, gastrointestinal toxicities preclude dosing DFMO at high levels, which is why DFMO is typically intravenously infused in patients with sleeping sickness. We propose synthesizing novel prodrugs based upon the DFMO-parent molecule that will be absorbed in the gut, but do not cause gastrointestinal toxicities. Once these prodrugs are in the blood stream, esterases in the blood will cleave off the extra chemical groups to allow the DFMO inhibitor of ODC to circulate. From our own experiments and those of others, DFMO crosses the blood brain barrier to enter the brain and inhibit brain ODC. In preliminary data, we showed that administration of DFMO to the CVN mouse model of Alzheimer's disease significantly improves their learning and memory behavior while reducing amyloid plaque-like and neurofibrillary tangle-like structures. In addition, another group recent reported similar therapeutic effects of DFMO administration in another mouse model of AD. The extensive use of DFMO in humans with other diseases plus these new data support that prodrugs based on DFMO may be effective anti-Alzheimer's agents. The prodrugs that we are proposing to synthesize are novel, and pending successful testing for activity as detailed in this proposal, wil be useful, which are the two main criteria for patenting theses new compositions of matter and their field of use.