P187 - MULTIPLY EXPOSED VAGINALLY, UNINFECTED MACAQUE MODEL

艾滋病毒疫苗和其他预防战略的发展依赖于在临床前研究中使用非人类灵长类动物，以促进有效艾滋病疫苗候选的开发，并促进有效局部杀微生物剂和其他预防方式或基于免疫的疗法的开发。NIAID猿猴疫苗评估单位(SVEU)的合同将提供主要支持艾滋病疫苗临床前评估的非人类灵长类资源。SVEU进行研究，以支持由广泛的调查人员开发的疫苗。这些研究是对NIAID支持的基础疫苗研究和疫苗评估研究的补充，这些研究由R01(研究人员发起的研究)拨款、HIVRAD(艾滋病毒疫苗研究和设计计划)拨款、IPCAVD(临床前-临床综合艾滋病疫苗开发)拨款和NHP联盟奖项资助。SVEU还对公司或其他研究人员提供的候选疫苗进行研究。暴露于人类免疫缺陷病毒-1(HIV-1)并不总是导致感染。事实上，有报告称，仍有多名艾滋病毒暴露血清阴性(HESN)患者未受感染。到目前为止，只有一个决定因素被发现与保护有关，即CCR5Δ32基因在某些个体中的存在。解释没有感染的其他因素还没有得到令人满意的证明。与HESNs的发现一致，经常可以观察到非人类灵长类动物多次受到猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)的挑战，但仍未被感染。因此，非人灵长类动物仍然是研究潜在的遗传和免疫因素的最佳模型，这些因素有助于抵抗感染。了解机制(S)和确定保护的相关性(S)将对艾滋病毒传播产生重大影响。

The development of HIV vaccines and other prevention strategies relies on the use of nonhuman primates in preclinical studies to advance the development of effective AIDS vaccine candidates and to advance development of effective topical microbicides and other prevention modalities or immune-based therapies. The NIAID Simian Vaccine Evaluation Unit (SVEU) contracts shall provide nonhuman primate resources that primarily support preclinical evaluation of AIDS vaccines. The SVEUs conduct studies in support of vaccines being developed by a wide range of investigators. These studies complement NIAID-supported basic vaccine research and vaccine evaluation studies funded through R01 (investigator-initiated research) grants, HIVRAD (HIV Vaccine Research and Design Program) grants, IPCAVD (Integrated Preclinical-Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development) grants, and NHP Consortium awards. The SVEUs also perform studies of candidate vaccines offered by companies or other researchers. Exposure to the human Immunodeficiency virus -1 (HIV-1) does not always result in infection. Indeed there are reports of multiply, HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) persons who remain uninfected. Thus far, only one determinant has been found to be associated with protection, the presence of the CCR5Δ32 gene in some individuals. Other factors to explain the lack of infection have not been satisfactorily demonstrated. Consistent with the finding of HESNs, nonhuman primates challenged multiple times with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), but remaining uninfected, are commonly observed. Therefore, the nonhuman primate continues to be the best model in which to examine potential genetic and immunologic factors that contribute to resistance of infection. Understanding the mechanism(s) and defining the correlate(s) of protection would have a major impact on HIV transmission.