Green stormwater infrastructure: An unrecognized opportunity to manage mosquito-b

描述(申请人提供)：这是一项初步研究，旨在调查绿色雨水基础设施对城市生态系统中西尼罗河病毒(WNV)蚊媒的生态和管理的潜在影响。西尼罗河病毒造成了美国历史上最大的虫媒病毒性脑炎疫情，城市雨水结构倾向于支持大量的媒介库蚊和CX。背栖动物是造成这些流行病的原因之一。目前，通过向城市雨水结构提供针对幼虫的杀虫剂(即杀虫剂)来抑制媒介种群是预防和管理西尼罗河病毒流行的主要战略之一。然而，尽管采取了这一广泛的战略，蚊子和西尼罗河病毒的暴发仍然是城市生态系统中紧迫的公共卫生挑战。虽然雨水管理领域正在迅速发展，包括绿色基础设施(GI)工具，以减少进入城市雨水和化粪池系统的径流和污染物的量，但这些变化将如何影响媒介生产、媒介控制，并最终影响人类接触蚊媒病原体的风险，却鲜有人关注。该项目将利用两个“自然”实验来量化如何用渗透集水池(i-cbs)和雨水取代传统的雨水集水池。 与集水池相关的花园(RG-CBS)将影响伊利诺伊州奥罗拉市蚊媒的生态和管理。我们的总体目标是a)确定GI基础设施工具(I-CBS和RG-CBS)是否积累或保留了不足以使幼蚊完成发育的水量；b)确定GI基础设施工具是否提高了缓释杀幼虫制剂的效力和持续时间；以及c)确定社区规模的GI工具实施是否减少了成虫媒介蚊子的数量。这项研究的结果可能为理解地理信息系统做法对城市生态系统综合病媒管理做法的补充潜力提供新的见解：a)减少适合蚊子生长的栖息地的数量或质量(即减少源头)，b)扩大用于控制捕集盆地蚊子发展的缓释杀幼虫剂的效力，以及c)减少暴露于杀虫剂和病媒传播病原体的公共健康风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a pilot study to investigate the potential impacts of green stormwater infrastructure on the ecology and management of mosquito vectors of West Nile Virus (WNV) in urban ecosystems. WNV has caused the largest arboviral encephalitis epidemic in U.S. history, and the propensity of urban stormwater structures to support large populations of the vectors Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans has contributed to these epidemics. At present, suppression of vector populations via the delivery of larva-specific insecticides (i.e. larvicides) to urban stormwater structures is one of the primary strategies for prevention and management of WNV epidemics. However, despite this widespread strategy, mosquito and WNV outbreaks continue to be a pressing public health challenge in urban ecosystems. While the field of stormwater management is rapidly evolving to include Green Infrastructure (GI) tools that reduce the volume of runoff and contaminants entering municipal storm and septic sewer systems, scant attention has been paid to how these changes will influence vector production, vector control and ultimately human risk of exposure to mosquito-borne pathogens. This project will take advantage of two "natural" experiments to quantify how replacement of traditional storm water catch basins with infiltration catch basins (I-CBs) and rain gardens associated with catch basins (RG-CBs) will affect the ecology and management of mosquito vectors in the City of Aurora, IL. Our overall aims are to a) determine if GI infrastructure tools (I-CBs and RG-CBs) accumulate or retain an insufficient volume of water to allow juvenile mosquitoes to complete development; b) determine if GI infrastructure tools increase the efficacy and duration of a sustained-release larvicide formulation; and c) determine if the neighborhood-scale implementation of a GI tool reduces the abundance of adult vector mosquitoes. The findings from this study may provide new insights for understanding the potential of GI practices to complement Integrated Vector Management practices in urban ecosystems by: a) reducing the quantity or quality of habitats suitable for mosquito development (i.e. source reduction), b) extending the efficacy of sustained-release larvicides used to control mosquito development in catch basins, and c) diminishing public health risks from exposure to insecticides and to vector- borne pathogens.