HIV Education for African American Men

针对非裔美国男性的艾滋病毒教育

• 批准号: 8992947
• 负责人: Samantha L. Leaf
• 金额: $ 17.44万
• 依托单位: ISA ASSOCIATES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8992947
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Abstinence; Address; African American; Area; Attention; Attitude; Barrier Contraception; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Belief; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Client; Clinic; Computers; Decision Making; Development; Diagnosis; Education; Educational process of instructing; Esthesia; FDA approved; Failure; Feedback; Female; Female Condoms; Focus Groups; Future; Gender; Gender Role; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; HIV/STD; Health; Heterosexuality; Heterosexuals; Hour; Incidence; Individual; Inequality; Interruption; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Lubricants; Male Condoms; Masculine; Mediation; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Pregnancy; Prevention; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Provider; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Safe Sex; Services; Sexual Partners; Sexual Transmission; Testing; Training; Training Programs; Training and Education; Translating; United States; Unsafe Sex; Woman; Work; base; combat; condoms; high risk; male; meetings; men; peer; pleasure; prevent; programs; prototype; public health relevance; research study; sex; sex risk; sexual relationship; skills; transmission process; usability; web-enabled

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One in 16 Black men will be diagnosed with HIV in his lifetime as compared to 1 in 102 White men. Approximately 20% of all new HIV cases among African American men are due to heterosexual transmission. Despite this, Black men who have sex with women (MSW) have received very little empirical attention. Traditional gender roles and power inequalities tend to give men greater control over sexual decision-making in African American relationships. However, Black men do not routinely use condoms, one of the most effective HIV prevention methods beyond abstinence, during sex with women. These findings suggest that the failure to target heterosexually active African American men in HIV prevention efforts is a missed opportunity. A key barrier to male condom use is reduced sexual pleasure. The female condom (FC) is an alternative HIV protection method that may overcome this barrier. Research shows that Black women respond well to FC education, but gender norms may impede their efforts to introduce FCs to male partners. One way to overcome this roadblock is to provide FC training directly to men. Indeed, studies have shown that men can learn FC skills, will help female partners use FC, and report fewer unprotected sex partners after receiving FC and male condom training. In addition, men endorse several benefits to FC use, including STI protection and natural feel. Importantly, some men prefer FCs because they provide greater sexual sensation than male condoms. To harness the potential of FC training for Black MSW, we intend to develop e-focus, a computer-based HIV behavioral intervention for heterosexually active African American men that includes training in both male and female condom use. e-focus will web-enable the core components of Focus on the Future (FOF), the only best-evidence HIV behavioral intervention for high-risk Black MSW. FOF is a one-hour intervention that addresses the correct and consistent use of male condoms and lubricant, condom negotiation, and the importance of men protecting their future. The main message of FOF is that there are many types of condoms and lubricants and men should experiment to find the choice that make sex feel best. By providing FC as an additional, and sometimes preferred, choice, e-focus aims to lessen the influence of decreased sexual pleasure and other condom barriers on HIV prevention. Another obstacle to Black MSW's HIV risk reduction behavior is belief in a traditional masculine ideology, which emphasizes male sexual prowess, female subordination, and heterosexuality. Black men who espouse these beliefs are more likely to engage in sexual risk behavior. To combat this, e-focus will include a discussion of masculine identity and will provide methods to reframe potentially dangerous masculine beliefs into healthier sexual and relationship behaviors. Phase I prototype development will be informed by formative research with target end-users and African American women, as well as input from our expert consultants. The completed prototype will undergo usability testing and a prototype review with African American MSW seeking services at an HIV/STI service provider.

 描述(由申请者提供)：每16名黑人男性中就有一人会在一生中被诊断出感染艾滋病毒，相比之下，每102名白人男性中就有一人被诊断出感染艾滋病毒。在非洲裔美国男性中，大约20%的新增艾滋病毒病例是由异性传播引起的。尽管如此，与女性发生性关系的黑人男性(MSW)几乎没有得到经验上的关注。传统的性别角色和权力不平等倾向于让男性在非裔美国人关系中对性决策拥有更大的控制权。然而，黑人男性在与女性发生性关系时并不经常使用避孕套，避孕套是超越禁欲的最有效的艾滋病毒预防方法之一。这些发现表明，在艾滋病毒预防工作中未能针对异性恋活跃的非裔美国人男性是一个错失的机会。使用男用避孕套的一个关键障碍是性快感降低。女用避孕套(FC)是一种替代的艾滋病毒保护方法，可以克服这一障碍。研究表明，黑人女性对FC教育反应良好，但性别规范可能会阻碍她们向男性伴侣介绍FC的努力。克服这一障碍的一种方法是直接向男性提供FC培训。事实上，研究表明，男性可以学习FC技能，将帮助女性伴侣使用FC，并在接受FC和男用避孕套培训后报告较少的无保护措施的性伴侣。此外，男性认可使用FC的几个好处，包括性传播感染保护和自然感觉。重要的是，一些男性更喜欢FCS，因为它们比男性避孕套提供更多的性感觉。为了利用针对黑人MSW的FC培训的潜力，我们打算开发e-Focus，这是一种针对异性活跃的非裔美国男性的基于计算机的艾滋病毒行为干预，包括对男性和女性避孕套使用的培训。E-Focus将使Focus on the Future(FOF)的核心组件具备网络功能，FOF是针对高危黑人MSW的唯一最佳证据艾滋病毒行为干预措施。FOF是一项一小时的干预活动，旨在解决正确和一致地使用男用避孕套和润滑剂、避孕套谈判以及男性保护自己未来的重要性。FOF的主要信息是，避孕套和润滑剂有很多种，男性应该试验一下，找到让性爱感觉最好的选择。通过提供FC作为一种额外的、有时是首选的选择，e-Focus旨在减少性快感下降和其他避孕套障碍对艾滋病毒预防的影响。黑人MSW降低艾滋病毒风险行为的另一个障碍是对传统男性意识形态的信仰，这种意识形态强调男性的性能力、女性的从属关系和异性恋。拥护这些信仰的黑人男性更有可能从事危险的性行为。为了应对这一问题，e-Focus将包括对男性身份的讨论，并将提供方法，将潜在危险的男性信念重新定义为更健康的性行为和关系行为。第一阶段的原型开发将通过与目标最终用户和非裔美国妇女的形成性研究以及我们的专家顾问的投入来提供信息。完成的原型将接受可用性测试和原型审查，非裔美国人的MSW将向艾滋病毒/性传播感染服务提供商寻求服务。