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HIV Education for African American Men

针对非裔美国男性的艾滋病毒教育

基本信息

批准号：
8992947
负责人：
Samantha L. Leaf
金额：
$ 17.44万
依托单位：
ISA ASSOCIATES, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-09-01 至 2016-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8992947
关键词：
AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV problem Abstinence Address African American Area Attention Attitude Barrier Contraception Behavior Behavior Therapy Belief Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)Client Clinic Computers Decision Making Development Diagnosis Education Educational process of instructing Esthesia FDA approved Failure Feedback Female Female Condoms Focus Groups Future Gender Gender Role Goals HIV HIV Infections HIV risk HIV/STD Health Heterosexuality Heterosexuals Hour Incidence Individual Inequality Interruption Intervention Knowledge Learning Lubricants Male Condoms Masculine Mediation Methods Modeling Motivation Phase Positioning Attribute Pregnancy Prevention Prevention program Preventive Intervention Provider Reporting Research Research Personnel Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Reduction Behavior Safe Sex Services Sexual Partners Sexual Transmission Testing Training Training Programs Training and Education Translating United States Unsafe Sex Woman Work base combat condoms high risk male meetings men peer pleasure prevent programs prototype public health relevance research study sex sex risk sexual relationship skills transmission process usability web-enabled

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One in 16 Black men will be diagnosed with HIV in his lifetime as compared to 1 in 102 White men. Approximately 20% of all new HIV cases among African American men are due to heterosexual transmission. Despite this, Black men who have sex with women (MSW) have received very little empirical attention. Traditional gender roles and power inequalities tend to give men greater control over sexual decision-making in African American relationships. However, Black men do not routinely use condoms, one of the most effective HIV prevention methods beyond abstinence, during sex with women. These findings suggest that the failure to target heterosexually active African American men in HIV prevention efforts is a missed opportunity. A key barrier to male condom use is reduced sexual pleasure. The female condom (FC) is an alternative HIV protection method that may overcome this barrier. Research shows that Black women respond well to FC education, but gender norms may impede their efforts to introduce FCs to male partners. One way to overcome this roadblock is to provide FC training directly to men. Indeed, studies have shown that men can learn FC skills, will help female partners use FC, and report fewer unprotected sex partners after receiving FC and male condom training. In addition, men endorse several benefits to FC use, including STI protection and natural feel. Importantly, some men prefer FCs because they provide greater sexual sensation than male condoms. To harness the potential of FC training for Black MSW, we intend to develop e-focus, a computer-based HIV behavioral intervention for heterosexually active African American men that includes training in both male and female condom use. e-focus will web-enable the core components of Focus on the Future (FOF), the only best-evidence HIV behavioral intervention for high-risk Black MSW. FOF is a one-hour intervention that addresses the correct and consistent use of male condoms and lubricant, condom negotiation, and the importance of men protecting their future. The main message of FOF is that there are many types of condoms and lubricants and men should experiment to find the choice that make sex feel best. By providing FC as an additional, and sometimes preferred, choice, e-focus aims to lessen the influence of decreased sexual pleasure and other condom barriers on HIV prevention. Another obstacle to Black MSW's HIV risk reduction behavior is belief in a traditional masculine ideology, which emphasizes male sexual prowess, female subordination, and heterosexuality. Black men who espouse these beliefs are more likely to engage in sexual risk behavior. To combat this, e-focus will include a discussion of masculine identity and will provide methods to reframe potentially dangerous masculine beliefs into healthier sexual and relationship behaviors. Phase I prototype development will be informed by formative research with target end-users and African American women, as well as input from our expert consultants. The completed prototype will undergo usability testing and a prototype review with African American MSW seeking services at an HIV/STI service provider.

描述（由申请人提供）：每 16 名黑人男性中就有 1 人在一生中被诊断出感染艾滋病毒，而白人男性中这一比例为 1 十分之一。非裔美国男性中大约 20% 的新艾滋病毒病例是由异性传播造成的。尽管如此，与女性发生性关系的黑人男性（MSW）却很少受到实证关注。传统的性别角色和权力不平等往往使男性对非裔美国人关系中的性决策有更大的控制权。然而，黑人男性在与女性发生性行为时并不经常使用安全套，这是除禁欲之外最有效的艾滋病毒预防方法之一。这些发现表明，在艾滋病毒预防工作中未能针对异性恋活跃的非洲裔美国男性是一个错失的机会。使用男用安全套的一个主要障碍是性快感降低。女用避孕套（FC）是一种替代性艾滋病毒保护方法，可以克服这一障碍。研究表明，黑人女性对 FC 教育反应良好，但性别规范可能会阻碍她们向男性伴侣介绍 FC 的努力。克服这一障碍的方法之一是直接向男性提供 FC 培训。事实上，研究表明，男性可以学习 FC 技能，将帮助女性伴侣使用 FC，并在接受 FC 和男用安全套培训后报告更少未受保护的性伴侣。此外，男性认可使用 FC 的多项好处，包括 STI 保护和自然感觉。重要的是，一些男性更喜欢 FC，因为它们比男用避孕套提供更好的性感觉。为了充分利用 FC 培训对黑人 MSW 的潜力，我们打算开发 e-focus，这是一种基于计算机的 HIV 行为干预措施，针对异性恋活跃的非裔美国男性，包括男性和女性安全套使用培训。 e-focus 将为“聚焦未来”(FOF) 的核心组件提供网络支持，这是针对高危黑人 MSW 的唯一最有证据的 HIV 行为干预措施。 FOF 是一项时长一小时的干预活动，旨在解决正确、持续使用男用安全套和润滑剂、安全套谈判以及男性保护自己未来的重要性。 FOF 的主要信息是，避孕套和润滑剂有很多种类型，男性应该尝试找到让性爱感觉最好的选择。通过提供 FC 作为额外的、有时是首选的选择，e-focus 旨在减轻性快感下降和其他安全套障碍对艾滋病毒预防的影响。黑人MSW降低艾滋病毒风险行为的另一个障碍是对传统男性意识形态的信仰，这种意识形态强调男性的性能力、女性的从属地位和异性恋。支持这些信念的黑人更有可能从事危险的性行为。为了解决这个问题，电子焦点将包括对男性身份的讨论，并将提供将潜在危险的男性信念重新构建为更健康的性和关系行为的方法。第一阶段原型开发将根据目标最终用户和非裔美国女性的形成性研究以及我们专家顾问的意见提供信息。完成的原型将接受可用性测试，并由在 HIV/STI 服务提供商寻求服务的非裔美国 MSW 进行原型审查。