HIV Education for African American Men

项目总结/摘要 每16名黑人男子中就有一名在其一生中被诊断出感染艾滋病毒，而每102名白色男子中只有一名。近 在非洲裔美国男性中，15%的新艾滋病毒病例是由于异性性传播。尽管如此， 与女性发生性关系的黑人男性（MSW）很少受到经验主义的关注。这是一个错过 公共卫生机会。首先，黑人男性不经常使用避孕套，这是最有效的方法之一， 预防艾滋病毒的性传播，表明潜在的重大行为影响。其次 在非洲裔美国妇女中，80%的新艾滋病毒感染是由于与男性发生性关系。种族内的本质 性网络表明，这些妇女中的大多数是被黑人男子感染的。因此，降低艾滋病毒发病率 在黑人男性中的艾滋病毒感染率应该同时减少非洲裔美国妇女中的艾滋病毒感染率差距。 女用避孕套（FC）是一种替代性的艾滋病毒保护方法，可以克服男性感染艾滋病毒的关键障碍。 用途：减少性快感。研究表明，黑人妇女对FC教育反应良好，但 性别规范可能会阻碍她们向男性伴侣介绍功能性功能障碍。克服这一点的一种方法是 直接向男性提供FC训练。事实上，初步研究表明， 接受女用和男用避孕套培训后，性伴侣不采取保护措施。此外，男性赞同 使用FC的几个好处包括它们比男用避孕套提供更大的性感觉。 为了充分利用FC对黑色城市固体废物的潜力，我们打算开发Focus，一种基于计算机的艾滋病毒 为异性恋活跃的非洲裔美国人提供行为干预， 使用女性避孕套。Focus将使Focus on the Future（FOF）的核心组件实现计算机化， 对黑人城市固体废物进行艾滋病毒行为干预的最佳证据一个小时的FOF会议解决了正确的 男性避孕套和润滑剂的持续使用，避孕套谈判，以及保护 一个人的未来FOF的主要信息是，有许多类型的避孕套和润滑剂，男性应该 尝试找出让性爱感觉最好的方法。通过提供功能界别作为额外选择，Focus旨在 减少使用安全套的主要障碍：性快感降低。黑色的另一个障碍 城市生活垃圾的艾滋病风险降低行为是对传统男性意识形态的信仰。支持这些的黑人 观点更有可能从事性风险行为。为了解决这个问题，Focus将提供方法， 将具有潜在危险的男性信念转变为更健康的性行为和关系行为。 第一阶段的结果有力地支持了Focus的可行性和潜在有效性， 既定的基准。在第二阶段，我们将完成Focus的开发，并在 随机对照试验，120名非裔美国人MSW。参与者将被随机分配到 接收焦点计划或注意力控制材料。在随机之前和随机之后的两个点 将评估分配、安全套使用行为以及安全套技能、态度和伴侣协商。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT One in 16 Black men will be diagnosed with HIV in his lifetime as compared to 1 in 102 White men. Nearly 15% of these new HIV cases among African American men are due to heterosexual transmission. Despite this, Black men who have sex with women (MSW) have received very little empirical attention. This is a missed public health opportunity. First, Black men do not routinely use condoms, one of the most effective ways to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV, indicating the potential for substantial behavioral impact. And second, 80% of new HIV infections in African American women are due to sex with men. The intra-racial nature of sexual networks suggests most of these women are infected by Black men. Thus, reducing HIV incidence among Black men should concomitantly reduce HIV disparities among African American women. The female condom (FC) is an alternative HIV protection method that may overcome a key barrier to male condom use: reduced sexual pleasure. Research shows that Black women respond well to FC education, but gender norms may impede their efforts to introduce FCs to male partners. One way to overcome this is to provide FC training directly to men. Indeed, preliminary research has shown that men report fewer unprotected sex partners after receiving both female and male condom training. In addition, men endorse several benefits to FC use, including that they provide greater sexual sensation than male condoms. To harness the potential of FCs for Black MSW, we intend to develop Focus, a computer-based HIV behavioral intervention for heterosexually active African American men that provides training in male and female condom use. Focus will computer-enable the core components of Focus on the Future (FOF), the only best-evidence HIV behavioral intervention for Black MSW. The one-hour FOF session addresses the correct and consistent use of male condoms and lubricants, condom negotiation, and the importance of protecting one's future. FOF's main message is that there are many types of condoms and lubricants and men should experiment to find the ones that make sex feel best. By providing FCs as an additional option, Focus aims to lessen the impact of a major barrier to condom uptake: reduced sexual pleasure. Another barrier to Black MSW's HIV risk reduction behavior is belief in a traditional masculine ideology. Black men who espouse these views are more likely to engage in sexual risk behavior. To counteract this, Focus will provide methods to reframe potentially dangerous masculine beliefs into healthier sexual and relationship behaviors. The results of Phase I strongly support the feasibility and potential effectiveness of Focus, far exceeding the established benchmarks. In Phase II, we will complete development of Focus and test its effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial with 120 African American MSW. Participants will be randomly assigned to either receive the Focus program or the attention control materials. Before, and at two points after random assignment, condom use behaviors as well as condom skills, attitudes, and partner negotiation will be assessed.